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Answer1
Any business or company is organize in particular way to attain the overall objectives and drive to deliver value for their business. Numerous factors can ascertain the organizational structure for the company. For instance, factors like nature of work, number of employees, diversity of services and products, revenues and geographical spread. I have performed extensive research on comprehending three widely used organizational structures that are widely used in the companies. These are Functional, Matrix and Departmental. Each of these organizational structures like functional, divisional or matrix offers advantage and disadvantage that the leader needs to consider before deciding what to implement for their organization.
Functional Organizational Structure
This is the form of the organizational structure where departments are clubbed as per their core responsibility or functions. For instance, all the marketing department are grouped as one marketing unit, all the sales department are grouped as a sales unit and it goes for production. The functional structure works well for small businesses such that department can be relied on for their prowess, knowledge and talent. However, limitations of this structure is the lack of inter-department collaboration, communication and coordination. Secondly, there is promotion of working in silos since employees are more engrossed in work associated in their team.
Departmentalization Organizational Structure
The divisional structure is specifically more useful in large-scale organization, which span across wide geographic areas. For instance, Oriflame Product organization have developed divisional structure like herbal extractions, research and development etc. for each geographic locations. Each geography has their own team of R&D engineers, HR, marketing, sales, service etc. The advantage of the departmental structure is that every division is capable of taking decisions and making prompt actions. Divisions are capable of performing independently. The disadvantage of this structure is that there are more overheads and expense to keep the divisional structure functioning
Matrix Organizational Structure
The third most common type of structure in the organization is Matrix, which is a hybrid combination of both functional and divisional structure. Essentially, matrix organization is widely used in large multinational businesses. In a matrix structure, each employee has dual reporting structure. This can develop various power struggles since most of the areas of the organization have a product manager and a functional manager who are working at same level.
Answer 2 Below is the list of relevant legislations that will impact various aspects of Project Management.
1. Law of Augustine - This law states that a bad plan or idea, which is executed to its perfection, will remain as bad plan or a poor idea. This law implies selection of projects, which will demand investment of time, capital and efforts is most important.
2. Law of Lakein - This law explains the significance of planning in project management. If one fails to plan then one plan to fail. Therefore, it is critical to set priorities such that task which is most important is completed first while those which are least important are completed last.
3. Law of Saint Exupery - The law highlights that perfection is attainted not when there isn’t anything additional rather when there is nothing left to exclude. Indeed, this laws drives focus to fundamental scope of planning tools and critical concept of Work break down structure (WBS). Each element must be planned, well defined and assigned as well as correctness of WBS decomposition needs to be verified.
4. Law of Parkinson - This...