Your essay will use the main character of the chosen movie as your case study and will explore the mental illness experienced by that person and the impact it has on the individual/consumer and their...

Silver Linings Playbook
Introduction
The movie "Silver Linings Playbook" presents a unique viewpoint on mental illness and how it affects both sufferers and their families. The main character of the film is Pat Solitano, a man who suffers from the bipolar affective disorder, which affects millions of people worldwide (Veal, 2020).
This essay will address the aetiology and pathophysiology of Bipolar Affective Disorder, as well as the risk factors, signs, and symptoms associated with the condition, based on contemporary peer-reviewed literature. Additionally, it examines how mental illness affects a person's relationships with their family, friends, and community as well as the role that mental health nurses have in delivering non-pharmacological therapies for mental health.
Readers can develop a deeper knowledge of the complexity of mental illness and the significance of offering proper support and care for people affected by it via the lens of Pat's experiences in the movie. This essay attempts to contribute to the ongoing discussion on mental health and increase awareness about bipolar affective disorder.
Aetiology, Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Signs and Symptoms
Bipolar disorder (BD), commonly known as bipolar affective disorder (BAD), is a severe mental condition marked by manic and depressive episodes. It is a complex condition with numerous potential causes and contributing factors (Chesney et al., 2021). The aetiology and pathophysiology of BAD, as well as its risk factors, signs, and symptoms, are discussed below.
Aetiology
The aetiology of BAD is complex, and the exact causes of the disorder are not fully understood. According to researchers, the disorder is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Studies have demonstrated that there is a genetic component to the development of BAD, with first-degree relatives of individuals with the disorder having a higher risk of developing the condition than the general population. Although specific genes involved have not yet been fully identified, it is thought that several genes contribute to the development of the illness (Gamage et al., 2020).
Environmental factors may potentially contribute to the emergence of BAD. The condition may begin as a result of stressful life circumstances like the death of a loved one or a major life change. Similarly, lack of sleep and substance abuse, particularly the use of stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines, have also been connected to the emergence of the illness (Jain & Mitra, 2022).
Pathophysiology:
The pathophysiology of BAD involves changes in several areas of the brain, as well as imbalances in certain neurotransmitters. Studies have shown that individuals with BAD have decreased volumes of grey matter in certain areas of the brain, such as the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. These areas are crucial for controlling emotions and are thought to contribute to the emergence of the characteristic mood swings associated with bipolar illness. These areas are also responsible for memory and decision-making (Jelen et al., 2019).
Neurotransmitters including dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine may also play a role in the development of BAD. These neurotransmitter imbalances can cause alterations in cognitive function, impulsivity, and mood instability. For instance, higher dopamine levels can cause manic symptoms, whereas lower levels can cause depressive symptoms (Majid Gania et al., 2019).
Risk Factors:
Several risk factors can lead to BAD. One of the strongest risk factors is family history; those who have a first-degree relative who has the condition are more likely to get it themselves. Stressful life circumstances, substance abuse, and sleep difficulties are other possible risk factors (Gautam et al., 2019).
Signs and Symptoms:
The signs and symptoms of BAD can differ from person to person and might include manic, hypomanic, and depressive episodes. During a manic episode, individuals may experience feelings of euphoria, extreme energy, and an increased sense of self-confidence. They might also act impulsively and dangerously, such as going on shopping sprees or abusing drugs. People may feel gloomy, useless, and unable to find any hope during a depressed episode. Changes in their energy levels, appetite, and sleeping habits are also possible (Gamage et al., 2020).
Modern peer-reviewed literature has shed significant light on the pathophysiology and aetiology of bipolar disorder. For instance, one study discovered that bipolar disorder may be influenced by inflammation (Zakic Milas & Milas, 2019). According to the study, bipolar disorder sufferers showed higher levels of inflammatory markers than normal controls. The diagnosis and care of those who have BAD can be enhanced with a better understanding of its aetiology and pathophysiology (Gautam et al., 2019).
Psychological Impact
A person with BAD may experience serious psychosocial effects on their family, the community, and themselves. This effect can be seen in several domains, including quality of life, social functioning, and occupational functioning. Manic episodes can cause people to behave impulsively and recklessly, including drugs and alcohol...