You must select one of the topics below and write an essay of 2,000 words about it. A minimum of 10...

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You must select one of the topics below and write an essay of 2,000 words about it. A minimum of 10 sources is required. These should be good quality academic journal articles, reports and texts, although one or two items such as popular magazines, newspapers is permitted. An essay “argues” a “position”. To present a good (argumentative) essay, it is important to acknowledge and present both sides of the argument. Importantly, the paper should then show why one view and not the other is preferred. There are four sections that you must include in this essay.  Introduction  Body (Do not use this as a heading)  Conclusion  References You will find that the concepts involved in the topics below areTopic 1: Modern day explorers and adventurersHistorically, the expeditions and travels of explorers, traders, anthropologists and scientists helped provide information to the public about other “faraway’ places, cultures and environments. Things have changed! In your paper, provide a short (a max of one page) description of the early origins of how travellers brought information to the public. You may also wish to include aspects of the Grand Tour. You need to discuss modern day equivalent of these traditional explorers. You could consider space travel, modern adaptations of the Grand Tours, and travel to harsh environments such as the Antarctic. Also try to explain what sort of people are attracted to this kind of travel.Topic 2: AuthenticityDiscuss how tourism uses culture as attractions, and how these various aspects and objects (tangible and intangible) may be conserved and commodified for use by tourists. Your paper will need to explain the idea of “authenticity”, “conservation” and “commodification” and why these are important. Your paper should also discuss how people from different cultures may hold different views of what “authentic” means. To focus your paper, use one or two real examples. The World Heritage List has some excellent examples.Topic 3: Humans and animalsYour essay should deal with the question: Should animals be used for tourism? This is a very broad topic and you may wish to focus on a few examples such as, zoos, circuses, “canned” hunting, fishing and other examples. You will need to describe what animals are used in tourism and how they form an “attraction”. Your paper should also discuss the different benefits and disadvantages for the animals and their habitats in these different situations.Topic 4: Climate change and tourism Climate change is a huge field and you will need to focus your paper in two respects. It must focus on tourism or hospitality. First, Focus on an area: beach/snowfields/forests – it is up to you to decide. OR Focus on an activity: eg hotel management, tours Second, Discuss Mitigation (the process of reducing emissions) AND Adaptation (the process of adapting to impacts caused by climate change) You will need to provide a brief (limited to a half page) about the scientific basis of your topic. The paper should then discuss the ways in which tourists and the industry (hotels, tours, transport) are trying to deal with climate change. You should also provide your own brief (about a half page) assessment on which group/s you think are responsible (and should therefore pay for) mitigation and adaption. You will need to focus your topic even further, once you begin your review of materials.

Soumi · Accepted Answer

Running Head: HUMANS AND ANIMALS		1
HUMANS AND ANIMALS		10
WILLIAM ANGLISS INSTITUTE
TOU551
TOURISM THEORIES AND CONCEPTS
ASSESSMENT 4: ESSAY
[CHOSEN TOPIC: 3. HUMANS AND ANIMALS]
Table of Contents
Introduction	3
Animals in Tourism	4
Wildlife Attractions	5
Facilities to be promoted in Wildlife tourism	7
Conclusion	8
References	10
Introduction
In various places around the world, we find animals act as a major attraction in tourism industry for people around the world. There are many wild life sanctuaries, zoos, circuses, where people visit from all over the world to watch the animals. They are the main attractions there. However, it is not safe and healthy for animals to be kept in such places for tourist attraction and for the growth of the tourism industry of the country. According to Muller (2016), many people enjoy watching animals in their own environment while displaying the way they naturally behave but there are also people who prefer them caged up for display. 
They worry about their own safety but forget about the animals and the life they spend in those confinements and cages. As per Markwell (2015), wild life is best in its natural habitat but interfering in those habitats and creating regular distractions also create a chaos in their life, making them attack or act against their nature. On the other hand, this is also true that the wild life sanctuaries and national parks for conservation of animals are totally being funded from this money received from tourism in these places and the animals are taken are of with the help of that. More the tourists visit the place, more would they earn, and can arrange funds to keep the environment of the sanctuaries and parks intact and at its best for the wild animals living there. 
However as argued by Cohen (2018), one should judge if it is ethical to restrict them within an area for tourism and mistreating them and if the animals are treated well everywhere. In fact, they also do not really invest the money earned from these tourism industries behind the welfare of the animals. The animals are not kept healthy and strong nor are dosed with medicines for the tourists’ safety. There are lot of questions behind these usages of animals to attract tourism in a country and mostly the answers are on the negative side for the animal welfare. 
Animals in Tourism
According to surveys, it has been seen that wildlife tourism industry has a share of 20% to 40% of the total earnings from the tourism industry globally, consisting of approximately 3.5 million tourists around the world and increasing. As mentioned by Burns (2015), there are varieties of wildlife attractions all over the world and among them; five broad categories of wildlife tourism have been grouped that are as follows –
· Interactions with confined animals (for example, zoos and elephant trekking)
· Wildlife Sanctuaries (for example, National Parks or large forest areas maintained with the purpose to protect wildlife in their)
· Wildlife Farms (places where animals are kept for breeding purpose for different reasons, like crocodile farms and civet farms)
· Street Plays (for example, snake charming, hyena men in Nigeria and street dancing macaques)
· Wild attractions like Gorilla trekking and Elephant trekking
From interactions with the local people, it has been noticed that they have different attitude towards the preservation of the wildlife, especially those who are often extremely poor and depends on the forest for their livelihood. Conservation and protection of the wild animals are often not in their priority list. Hence, the money spent by the tourists while they visit such places, must be responsibly spent to ensure that the money is not leading to any mistreatment of the wild animals in that place. As per Heo (2016), the activities of the tourist should support the poor people living out there without causing any harm to the wild animals present in that area. 
However, not all the wildlife tourism places are negatively impacting the wildlife of the place and there are many places where good care of the animals is taken, and proper treatment and environment is provided to them.

You must select one of the topics below and write an essay of 2,000 words about it. A minimum of 10 sources is required. These should be good quality academic journal articles, reports and texts,...

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