You may use all resources available to you to research these questions, but your answers must be yours and yours alone. Style: Pretend you are at the front of the class and I have asked you these...

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You may use all resources available to you to research these questions, but your answers must be yours and yours alone.


Style:


Pretend you are at the front of the class and I have asked you these questions. Imagine how you would say the answer out loud.




Do not quote! You can’t memorize quotes, you’re in front of the class.




Do not cite literature! This isn’t a paper, it’s an answer to a question I’ve asked you.




Each answer should fit in on a
single page
using 12 pt. font (you may delete the question)!






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1.
Discuss the effects of histone modification and DNA modification on transcription. Describe ways in which marks can
activate and repress
transcription for
both types
of modification. For all modifications, describe any known mechanisms of action.




(You must describe a way DNA methylation can activate gene expression to get full credit.)





2.
Compare the repressive effects of chromatin and DNA modifications to the repressive effects of RNAi. Include the following in your answer:


a) a basic overview of RISC and RITS repression


b) mechanisms or effects of RNAi that are similar or related to changes in chromatin


c) mechanisms or effects of RNAi that are unique




(Do not duplicate
explanations
of DNA/histone modifications from Question 1 above. Feel free to reference them. “As with histone acetylation, RNAi acts at . . .”)







Answered Same DayOct 30, 2021

Answer To: You may use all resources available to you to research these questions, but your answers must be...

Sunabh answered on Nov 01 2021
146 Votes
Running Head: BIOLOGY                                    1
BIOLOGY        5
BIOLOGY
Table of Contents
Answer 1    3
Answer 2    4
Answer 1
Histone modifications are majorly post
-translational modifications (PTM) that is they occur after translation process has been completed. These modifications can be of various types such as methylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitylation and sumoylation. These histone modifications have the potential to alter chromatin structure because histone protein is involved in the packaging of DNA. As a result of altered chromatin structure, PTM have the potential to activate or repress gene expression.
This is majorly because of the fact that in order for the transcription to start there is requirement of DNA relaxation in terms of DNA coiling relaxation, which is maintained by histone proteins. Therefore, if coiling or packing is tight, transcription initiators would not be able to bind to the DNA and as a result, transcription will not activate. Upon modification of histones, DNA packaging or coiling is relaxed and therefore initiators will be able to bind to specific sequences and transcription processes will start.    
Histone Methylation and de-methylation are two major processes that are involved in the activation as well as repression of transcription. Histone methylation is the process, in which transfer of one, two or either three methyl groups occur from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to the arginine or lysine residues...
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