Written Assignment Purpose and Overview The purpose of this assignment is for students to: ?critically review data analysis reports in health research literature. In the past several weeks, all have...

Correlation Study
Research Problem
The study by Francesc Medina (2014), mainly focus on the patients opinion about the
experiences of them receiving physical therapist treatment in post acute outpatient settings. The
research hypothesis was to develop a context-specific questionnaire about patients’ experiences
in post acute outpatient physical therapy settings. This topic was selected by considering the
increasing demand for this service and also to be unexplored by existing questionnaires about
patients’ experiences in dealing with rehabilitation services Data Collection and Source
Variables
Several models are constructed to determine the relationship between healthcare and patient
safety. According to the research evidence, three factors are considered as the highest priority in
measuring patient’s experiences, namely, characteristics of the interaction, organization service
and overall assessments (Cozby, 2009)
Apart from demographic variables, there are totally 23 variables in the questionnaire and are
grouped under seven factors. The Factors included in this study are
 Emotional Support (Five Variables)
 Providing information and education (Four Variables)
 Interruptions during delivery of care(Three Variables)
 Duration of attendance(Three Variables)
 Waiting times in the sequence of treatment(Three Variables)
 Sensitivity to patients changes (Three Variables)
 Patient Safety (Two Variables)
All variables are measured under 5-pointLikert frequency scale
From the client’s perspective, to have a better understanding of the physical therapy, the
researcher formed nine adult focus groups who had musculoskeletal disorders and were receiving
post acute physical therapist services in outpatient settings (Creswell, 2010). A semi structured
interview topic guide was used to have a better understanding of the topic. Additional questions
based concepts that enrooted from the initial focus groups were included. Data analysis was
undertaken with grounded theory
Sample Size Estimation
For this study, overall, 465 participants attending 3 rehabilitation centers for musculoskeletal
conditions completed the questionnaire was included in the analysis. Initially a draft version was
created by applying a cognitive pretest for 94 patients, and test-retest reliability was admitted for
90 patients which is considered as a revised version . During a 6-month period, 520 participants
were randomly selected. Due to inability of understanding the questionnaire, four patients were
removed from the analysis. Of516 participants, 355 responded initially and another 110
responded after reminding them to send the completed questionnaire and the response rate was
found to be 90%
Appropriateness of Statistic
Factor Analysis is a technique used to identify factors that statistically explain the variation and
co-variation among measures (Creswell, 2009). Generally, the number of factors is considerably
smaller than the number of measures and consequently, the factors succinctly represent a set of
measures. Moreover, Factor analysis can be viewed as a data-reduction technique since it
reduces a large number overlapping measured variables to a much smaller set of factors. If a
study is well designed so that different sets of measures reflect different dimensions of a broader
conceptual system, factor analyses can yield factors that represent these dimensions (Curran,
2008)
In our case, the purpose of conducting factor analysis is to define the dimensions for an existing
measure. Using Factor Analysis, we need to determine whether there is a single dimension or are
multiple dimensions underlying the 18 items of the satisfaction measures (Cohen, 2007)
Thus, the main applications of factor analytic techniques are: (i) to reduce the number of
variables, and (ii) to detect structure in the relationships between variables, that is to classify
variables (Denzin, 2006). Thus, the factor analysis is applied as a data reduction technique or
structure detection method
Data Display
The study is an example of a qualitative study design and hence the data display used bar charts
and pie charts for graphical representation. The questionnaire used test retest reliability to assess
the accuracy and internal consistency, convergent and Discriminant validity. The scales used in
designing the questionnaires are distinct and unidimensional
Non Parametric Study
Research Problem
Parametric tests are tests which deal with parameters of the population like, mean, standard
deviation, etc. If the parameters of the population are known, then, we can perform the
parametric tests; else, we need to proceed with non parametric tests. In order to perform the
parametric tests, we should validate the sample data using some specific tests, called,
homogeneity, normality tests and independence (Easterby-Smith, 2008). If all these assumptions
are satisfied, then we can say that the...