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Writing Assignment I on Relations Between Two Variables Due dates: Preliminary draft: October 22, 2020 Revision Period: October 29 - Novermber 5, 2020 Final draft: Novermber 5, 2020 Format: Your writing should have 5 pages or more. All papers should be typed and spell-checked, double-spaced, 12 point font, New Times Roman, all margins 1 inch. Also submit to your Instructor a paper version of you written project by the deadline above. Statement of the assignment People say that higher education leads to higher earnings. How do your understand this statement? Do you believe so or not? Why? Can you make it more precise statement on relations between education attainment and earnings? Write an thesis-liked essay using statistics to support your opinion and/or conclusion. A thesis-liked essay should have clearly state questions, logical arguments and conclu- sions. 1 General guidelines: Your essay must contain the following: a cover page; an abstract (summary of your paper); an introduction; the main content which contains detailed discussions of methods, analysis of data and results; your conclusion and/or your interpretation of your statistical result; and appendices of your raw data sets and calculations. 1. Cover page: contains the title of the project, your name, and the date of the current version. 2. Abstract: in the second page, state your conclusion, summarize your data resource, briefly explain statistical methods used. Example. Using the data table PINC-03 (Educational Attainment of People 25 Years Old and Over, by Total Money Earnings in 2019) obtained from the website of U.S. Census Bureau, I performed an analysis using ... on ..., the analysis shows that .... The statistical results (strongly/weakly) my opinion that.... 3. Introduction: No more than two pages including your question/opinion, source of your data, brief description of your data, statistical methods used and your conclusions/answers to questions. 4. Discussion of methods and performed statistical analyses: description of data; what statistical methods did you apply to the data; why those methods are applicable and why your choose to use them? 5. Discussion of results: what results do you obtain from your analyses? What does the results tell us? Do the result support your opinion? You may use graph and statistical result to support your argument. 6. Appendices: attach your raw data tables and your calculations. The essay should be complete individually. No collaboration among students is allowed, except on how to use the website to obtain your data. 2 https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-poverty/cps-pinc/pinc-03.html#par_textimage_10 https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-poverty/cps-pinc/pinc-03.html#par_textimage_10 Suggested research plan 1. Go to the U.S. Census Bureau webpage PINC-03. Educational Attainment-People 25 Years Old and Over, by Total Money Earnings, Work Experience, Age, Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex. Download the Excel file in the middle of the webpage for Person Income in 2019 for those who are 25 Years and Over, total Work Experience. Use the data from both sexes of all Races. You may also find the same data in the attachment. 2. Use information in the file to answer the following questions: a) Describe the data table: what information can be found in the file? What are those numbers in the body part of the table? What variables do you find in the data table? Are those variables categorical or quantitative? How education attainment is characterized? What are the mean and the median for each educational level? Are they the same? If not, describe the differences. b) Create a new data table including data for the variables that your are going to study. What variables do you include? Which is the explanatory variable and which is the response variable. Explain why you select those variables. c) Create a graph to show how the selected variables are related. Explain what type of graph you use and why you use that type of graph. d) Determine how would you measure the strength of the relationship. e) Perform a statistical analysis and draw your conclusion based on that. f) Interpret your conclusion in the context of the question and explain whether your opinion is supported by your data, the graph and/or results of your analysis. You may also consider additionally the following suggestions. In the case that regression line is your choice of a statistical method. a) Consider converting educational level into years of education if you decide to study the relationship between years of education and earnings? b) How strong is the correlation? How do you know? c) Does longer education grantee you have higher earning? Explain your reasoning. 3 https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-poverty/cps-pinc/pinc-03.html https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-poverty/cps-pinc/pinc-03.html https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-poverty/cps-pinc/pinc-03.html d) Do you find any other statistical result from the table? Explain what the result tells. In the case, two-way table is your choice of a statistical method a) Create a relative frequency table of conditional probabilities. b) Create a 100% stacked column or row chart to display your two-way table. c) How do you test the strength of relationship between education degrees and annual income? Why? Grading Rubric Quality of ideas, arguments and analysis (80 points) You must address all of the questions clearly, be thoughtful and reflective, provide an excellent understanding of the statistical concepts involved in each question and be able to present statistical concepts and results in plain language. You must provide relevant details and correct computations. You must attach all your computations to the paper. Clarity and Readability (10 points) The paper has to be well-organized and flow logically. No errors in grammar or spelling, uses complete sentences and clear speech. Use spell checker. Mechanics (10 points) The final submission should look like a professional thesis paper including title/cover page, the graphs required in the project and references (where are the data sets located, what paper or book did you cite in the content). 4