Which of the following is NOT an element of organizational structure?
A. well-articulated mission, vision, and value statements
B. formal reporting relationships
C. grouping together of individuals into departments
D. systems designed to ensure effective communication
In the formation stage, failed projects are more likely to have ______.
A. technical limitations
B. personal ambition
C. clear objectives
D. team motivation
In the build-up stage of a successful project, it is important that ______.
A. an adequate budget exists
B. top management support exists
C. the project personnel are in a state of flux
D. there is a clear sense of earned value management
Creating action plans to address the needs of various stakeholder groups is part of the ________ step of Block's framework for stakeholder management.
A. define the problem
B. test and refine the solutions
C. develop solutions
D. identify the goals of the principal actors
An activity has a pessimistic time that is four times as long as its most likely time and six times as long as its optimistic time. If the activity variance is 12, what is the expected time?
A. About 8 days
B. About 9 days
C. About 10 days
D. About 11 days
Input is received from an organization's management to a project budget in ______.
A. zero-based budgeting
B. top-down budgeting
C. bottom-up budgeting
D. activity-based budgeting
When work is organized into cost control accounts ______.
A. the work no longer needs to be tracked by the project manager
B. the subdeliverables become cost centers instead of profit centers for the project
C. these are assigned to the units performing project activities
D. these budgets can then be assigned back to the project manager's department
Project risk is highest during the ______.
A. termination stage of the project life cycle
B. concept stage of the project life cycle
C. implementation stage of the project life cycle
D. development stage of the project life cycle
The disadvantage of a BOOT contract to the project organization is that they must take on higher ______.
A. safety risks
B. failure risks
C. financial risks
D. competitive risks