Which of the following is a characteristic of vertical communication? a.It consists exclusively of messages from subordinates to superiors.b.It includes communication that flows up and down an...

Which of the following is a characteristic of vertical communication?

a.It consists exclusively of messages from subordinates to superiors.b.It includes communication that flows up and down an organization.c.It is limited to communication between two subsequent levels in an organization.d.It can involve only two people.e.It typically covers informal reporting lines.