Which of the following changes occur in the baby’s cardiovascular system after birth? (a) umbilical arteries and vein become fibrosed, (b) pulmonary circulation begins to function, and pressure in the...

Which of the following changes occur in the baby’s cardiovascular system after birth? (a) umbilical arteries and vein become fibrosed, (b) pulmonary circulation begins to function, and pressure in the left side of the heart increases, (c) the ductus venosus becomes obliterated, as does the ductus arteriosus, (d) all of these.

Jenna, a freshman in your dormitory, tells you she just discovered that she is three months pregnant. She recently bragged that since she came to college she has been drinking alcohol heavily and experimenting with every kind of recreational drug she could find. From the following, select the advice you would give her, and explain why it is the best choice. (a) She must stop taking drugs, but they could not have affected her fetus during these first few months of her pregnancy. (b) Harmful substances usually cannot pass from mother to embryo, so she can keep using drugs. (c) There could be defects in the fetus, so she should stop using drugs and visit a doctor as soon as possible. (d) If she has not taken any drugs in the last week, she is okay.