When someone says the word doctor, 13-year-old Vanessa remembers her most recent medical visit. She also thinks of objects related to the concept of a doctor, such as an examination room, a...

When someone says the word doctor, 13-year-old Vanessa

remembers her most recent medical visit. She also thinks

of objects related to the concept of a doctor, such as an

examination room, a stethoscope, and an X-ray machine.

The fact that a word brings up memories about many

related ideas is best explained by ______.
a) the primacy effect
b) spreading activation models of memory
c) the recency effect
d) level of processing model of memory