When nicotine is absorbed by the body, cotinine is produced. A measurement of cotinine is therefore a good indicator of how much a person smokes. In the table below are the number of cigarettes smoked...

When nicotine is absorbed by the body, cotinine is produced.  A measurement of cotinine is therefore a good indicator of how much a person smokes.  In the table below are the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the subjects’ cotinine level (ng/mL).
Use a significance level of 0.05 and Spearman’s Rank correlation
to determine if there is an association between the number of cigarettes smoked and the subjects’ cotinine level.

1. 
   State the null and alternative hypothesis
   


2. 
   Calculate the test statistic
   


3. 
   The critical value, and yo
   ur decision and conclusion.