When F is less than 1, we usually write “,1” rather than the actual value. What meaning can be attached to an F appreciably less than 1? Can we speak intelligently about an F “significantly” less than...

When F is less than 1, we usually write “,1” rather than the actual value. What meaning can be attached to an F appreciably less than 1? Can we speak intelligently about an F “significantly” less than 1? Include E(MS) in your answer.

Howell and Huessy (1981) classified children as exhibiting (or not exhibiting) attention deficit disorder (ADD)-related behaviors in second, fourth, and fifth grade. The subjects were then sorted on the basis of the year(s) in which the individual was classed as exhibiting such behavior. They then looked at GPA for these children when the latter were in high school. The data are given in terms of mean GPA per group

Run the analysis of variance and draw the appropriate conclusion