When epidemiologists measure disease frequency, they analyze the incidence and prevalence of a ...

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When epidemiologists measure disease frequency, they analyze the incidence and prevalence of a disease. Incidence is the number of new cases of a disease in a particular population during a specific time period. This measure is useful when public health officials and epidemiologists are looking at the first occurrence of a disease. It is also important when comparing populations to determine disease risk.

For each problem, answer the following questions:

Name the appropriate measure of disease frequency that should be used in each scenario and justify its use (why that particular measure is the appropriate one).

1. The percentage of elderly men who are diagnosed with prostate cancer by age 80.
2. The number of mothers who die during the first year after giving birth due to complications from the birthing process.
3. On the last day of the school year, the number of freshman college students who are at least 15 pounds heavier than when they started the school year.

Calculate the appropriate disease frequency rate. Show your work.

1. The cumulative incidence rate in a population of 100,000 people where 9 new cases of disease were reported within 1 year.
2. The prevalence of a chronic disease on November 1st where 9 initial cases were found in September with an additional 45 cases reported in October of a small city with a population of 75,000 people.
3. The relative risk of death from exposure A if the mortality rate in the exposed group is 60 deaths per 1000 person-years and the mortality rate in the unexposed group is 20 per 1000 person-years.

The prevalence of a health condition is the existing number of cases of that condition in the population. State whether the factors listed below are likely to increase or decrease the prevalence of a health condition and Explain your reasoning.

Improvements in diagnostic criteria

Shorter duration of a health condition

Decrease in the incidence of the health condition

Loss of healthy people from the population for other reasons

David · Accepted Answer

. 
Answer)  
1. Here population to be considered is elderly male and prostate cancer is event of 
interest and new case of disease prostate cancer is to be considered. So incidence rate 
can be successfully applied as disease frequency rate in this scenario.  
2. Here incidence rate for given period for females is appropriate measure as population 
is females who have given birth to female who have given birth within one year of 
time and total number of new cases is deaths of mothers who die in this period due to 
complication from the birthing process. So it is prevalence of maternal mortality in 
given period.  
3. Incidence rate is appropriate for this scenario as it is a measure of number of new 
cases of an illness in a year by following formula 
IR=number of person who get infected by illness/( number of person-years when 
population was at risk of developing the illness) 
As here Freshman College Students are population at risk and students who gain at 
least 15 pound weight during this period. And time period is from start of school to 
last day of school.
Answer) 
1.

When epidemiologists measure disease frequency, they analyze the incidence and prevalence of a disease. Incidence is the number of new cases of a disease in a particular population during a specific...

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