What is an output coupler? What is the difference between a reflector and an output coupler? List and describe the four basic components of the laser.  Use Equation 4.9 to calculate the irradiance...

What is an output coupler?

What is the difference between a reflector and an output coupler?

List and describe the four basic components of the laser.

 Use Equation 4.9 to calculate the irradiance through a cavity of 4,

5, and 10 passes? Use the real numbers from a typical Nd+3:YVO4

laser pointer-type active medium, where L = 0.01 cm, G = 315 cm−1,

Rc = 0.5, and I0 = 1 μW/cm2.