What is a monitor invariant? Under what circumstances must it be guaranteed to hold? Describe the nested monitor problem and some potential solutions. What is deadlock? What is a conditional critical...

What is a monitor invariant? Under what circumstances must it be guaranteed to hold? Describe the nested monitor problem and some potential solutions. What is deadlock? What is a conditional critical region? How does it differ from a monitor? Summarize the synchronization mechanisms of Ada 95, Java, and C#. Contrast them with one another, and with monitors and conditional critical regions. Be sure to explain the features added to Java 5.