What helps explain maltreatment effects? O Maltreatment creates confusion, uncertainty, and emotional vulnerability. O Maltreatment creates a vulnerability that produces dependency on the abuser. O...

What helps explain maltreatment effects?
O Maltreatment creates confusion, uncertainty, and emotional vulnerability.
O Maltreatment creates a vulnerability that produces dependency on the abuser.
O Dependency on one's abuser results in feelings of gratitutude when the abuser demonstrates even the smallest gestures of kindness or humanity.
O All of the above.

Although Anna and her friends are generally responsible individuals in their day-to-day lives, they make some dangerous decisions when they are together, such as drinking excessively and driving while intoxicated. They are more likely to argue that this behavior isn't that dangerous whent they are together than when they are by themselves. This is an example of:
O the evaluation apprehension hypothesis
O pluralistic ignorance
O diffusion of responsibility
O the risky shift