What are organizations? Organizations are large secondary groups that work efficiently toward a specific goal. If one joins because of interest, it is a normative organization, and participation is...

What are organizations? Organizations are large secondary groups that work efficiently toward a specific goal. If one joins because of interest, it is a normative organization, and participation is voluntary. However, some organizations are coercive, and they are often total institutions with formal rules. Organizations we belong to to attain a specific goal are called utilitarian organizations. Bureaucracies are a specific type of formal organization, with a division of labor, a hierarchy, formal rules, impersonality, and rationality. Bureaucracies have problems such as overspecialization, rigidity, and ritualism.