We know association does not imply causation, but what does this mean in your own words? Provide and discuss an example of two variables that are associated, but not by a cause and effect...

The association between two variables doesn’t show only the cause-effect relationship but they may be associated by any other exogenous factor. For example, the association between mileage of a car (variable 1) and its market value (variable 2). The mileage is of course, related to the market value but it doesn’t decide market value alone. The market value depends upon several other factors like model and year of manufacture, body condition, previous owner etc. Even, those variables are more prominent...