Water flowing at a rate of 3.8 kg/s is heated from 38 to 55C in the tubes of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The shell side is one-pass with water, flowing at 1.9 kg/s entering at 94C. The overall heat-transfer coefficient is 1420 W/m2K. The average water velocity in the 1.905-cm-ID tubes is 0.366 m/s. Because of space limitations, the tubes may not exceed 2.44 m in length. Determine the required number of tube passes, the number of tubes per pass, and the length of tubes consistent with this restriction.
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