Water at 20◦C flows through a 125-mm-diameter steel pipe at a rate of 10 L/s. The equivalent sand roughness of the pipe is estimated as 0.3 mm. (a) Estimate the friction factor of the flow. (b)...

Water at 20◦C flows through a 125-mm-diameter steel pipe at a rate of 10 L/s. The equivalent sand roughness of the pipe is estimated as 0.3 mm. (a) Estimate the friction factor of the flow. (b) Estimate the thickness of the viscous layer adjacent to the pipe surface. (c) Compare the thickness of the viscous layer to the sand roughness to estimate whether the flow is in the regime of smooth pipe, transition, or rough pipe.