Village councils chose a mature man to be the village leader, alternating between a summer and a winter incumbent. Fortunate occurrences during any leader’s term of office, such as successful buffalo...

Village councils chose a mature man to be the village leader, alternating between a summer and a winter incumbent. Fortunate occurrences during any leader’s term of office, such as successful buffalo hunts, victorious raids, the appearance of buffalo near the camp in winter, and the good health and fortune of the community, were all attributed to the leader’s practical and spiritual abilities. Failures were attributed to his lack of power. Generosity, intelligence, even temper, and compassion were critical requisites for being chosen for leadership. Spirit power was also a necessary adjunct to civil and military success. However, as one assumed greater responsibilities, spirit powers eventually waned. In fact, the more responsibilities one had, the greater was the loss of spirit power. These beliefs limited people’s remaining in office for any length of time. Power sharing thus reflected the egalitarian basis of Hidatsa society.