using PowerPoint on end-stage heart failure (ESHF). The goal of the resource is to educate and inform final year nursing students. This is not a resource for general consumers or community members;...

End-Stage Heart Failure (ESHF) Resource
End-Stage Heart Failure (ESHF) Resource
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Introduction to Palliative Care
Definition of Palliative Care
“Palliative care is a holistic approach to care that focuses on improving the quality of life for patients with life-limiting illnesses.
Focuses on symptom management, psychosocial support, and spiritual care rather than curative treatment.
Goals and Principles of Palliative Care
Relief from pain and other distressing symptoms.
Integration of psychological and spiritual care into patient management (Suksatan & Tankumpuan, 2022).
Support for patients to live as actively as possible until death.
Offering a support system to help families cope during the patient’s illness and in their own bereavement”.
Palliative care is defined here as an approach that is having the aim to improve the quality of life for “patients with life-limiting illnesses by focusing” on all kinds of symptom management, psychosocial support, and spiritual care along with proper levels of treatment. The primary goals include the process of relieving pain and other distressing symptoms, by also combining some of the psychological and spiritual care into patient management, and supporting patients to live as actively as possible till they are facing death. It also includes the process of giving a support system to help families deal with the illness and bereavement of the patients.
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Overview of the National Palliative Care Standards (NPCS)
NPCS provides a framework for delivering high-quality palliative care across Australia.
Emphasizes patient-centred care, cultural safety, and the importance of early referral to palliative care services (Hui et al., 2022).
Alignment with ESHF Care
Integration of NPCS with ESHF care to “enhance symptom control and quality of life.
Early introduction of palliative care in the management of ESHF to address complex symptoms and support advance care planning”.
Source: (Palliative Care, 2023)
The National Palliative Care Standards (NPCS) of Australia help in checking on the delivery of high-quality palliative care in Australia, by also focusing much more on patient-centred care, cultural safety, and early referral to some of the palliative services.
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Overview of End-Stage Heart Failure (ESHF)
Definition and Classification of ESHF
ESHF is the final stage of heart failure where the heart's function is severely compromised and symptoms persist despite optimal medical treatment.
Classified under “New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class IV”, by showing here many of the limitations and discomfort with any physical activity (Rao, 2020).
Epidemiology of ESHF in Australia
Prevalence and Incidence
Approximately 480,000 Australians are living with heart failure (Rao, 2020).
40,000 new diagnoses each year, with a significant proportion progressing to ESHF.
Demographic Variations
Higher prevalence in older adults, particularly those with comorbid conditions such as coronary artery disease, diabetes, and obesity.
Disparities in access to care and outcomes among Indigenous populations and those in rural areas.
End-stage heart failure (ESHF) has been found here to be the final phase of heart failure, where the function of the heart gets compromised, and symptoms exist here in spite of facing some kinds of optimal medical treatment. It is classified under New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class IV, which is also having many of the limitations and discomfort during any physical activity. In Australia, around 480,000 people live with heart failure, with 40,000 new cases each year, and many of them gets progressed here to ESHF.
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Trajectory of ESHF
Disease Progression and Prognosis
Characterized by a nonlinear and unpredictable clinical course, with frequent hospitalizations and a poor prognosis.
Median survival is less than two years from diagnosis of ESHF.
Impact of ESHF Across the Lifespan
Significant reduction in both quality and length of life.
Impacts physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being.
Source: (Palliative Care, 2023)
The condition has been found to affect all the older adults, mainly those who are having some of the comorbidities like coronary artery disease, diabetes, and obesity, with disparities in care access and outcomes among Indigenous populations and those in rural areas. ESHF is having a nonlinear, unpredictable trajectory with more number of hospitalizations and a median survival of less than two years, by making an impact on quality of life across physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions.
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Application of Nursing Models to ESHF Care
The Roper-Logan-Tierney model is applied in ESHF...