Introduction    1
Learning Outcome    3
Conclusion    6
Reference    7
Introduction
The process of intentional behaviour change, or more precisely, a person's openness to adopting new, healthier behaviours, is described by the Transtheoretical Paradigm (TTM), an integrated, biopsychosocial model (Abuse,2019). The TTM is a fully-fledged model of transformation that draws upon the best features of other theories. However, alternative theories of behaviour change tend to zero in on just one aspect of the process, whether that be social factors, psychological factors, or physiological ones (Johnson et al,2017).
First comes "pre-contemplation," then "contemplation," then "preparation," then "action," "maintenance," and "termination" are the six phases of health behaviour change outlined by the transtheoretical model. Along with factors including self-efficacy, decision-making fairness, and temptation, ten change processes have been identified as crucial advancement drivers (Liu et al,2018).
In the case study, a 20-year-old woman named Claudia is concerned about her drinking and just found out she is pregnant (Magill, Martino & Wampold,2021). From the viewpoint of the healthcare professional, Claudia is now at Stage 3 of the transtheoretical change approach, the "Preparation" stage. The HCP's responsibility is to get to know Claudia, assist her with the transformational stages, and advance her to stage 5. (maintenance). The phases of TTM in Claudia's case will be covered in this project, along with how it will affect her pregnancy and alcoholism.
Learning Outcome
The "Stages of Psychosocial Development" hypothesis was created by psychologist and psychiatrist Erik Erikson in the 1950s. It created comparisons between various stages of infancy and Freud's theory of psychosexual development as it applied to maturity. The idea suggests eight phases of linear human growth that are influenced by environmental, genetic, and environmental factors (Orenstein and Lewis, 2021).
Erikson's eight stages of development are interconnected with one another. An emergency must be handled at all times. People are better able to handle problems in the future when they overcome adversity with stronger mental and emotional foundations. Stage 1 of trust vs. distrust occurs from birth through 12–18 months of age (Heshmati et al,2022). From 18 months to 3 years of age, the second stage is autonomy vs. guilt and uncertainty. Stage 3 is a 3- to 5-year-old preschool year called initiative vs. guilt. Ages 5 to 12 are stage 4, which is industry vs. inferiority. Between the ages of 12 and 18, or adolescence, stage 5 is identity vs. perplexity. Stage 6 occurs between the ages of 18 and 40 and involves closeness vs. solitude. Stage 7 contrasts generativity and stagnation between those aged 40 to 65, while stage 8 contrasts integrity and despondency between people above the age of 65 (Johnson et al,2017).
Claudia is now in stage 6, which contrasts closeness with seclusion. People will probably start nodding their heads in agreement at this moment since they can relate to what you're saying. People who have a solid understanding of who they are may now introduce themselves to others. Be devoted to others right now (Parrish et al,2016). The contemporary psychological challenge, according to Erikson, is forging stable, committed love relationships. Healthy couples finish this period with ties that are based on trust and love. According to this theory, those who struggled to finish the stage successfully and who don't have a strong sense of who they are are less likely to be willing to make long-lasting relationships. They are more prone to experiencing sentiments of loneliness and despair since they don't have a strong social network (McCarty et al,2014).
Despite being created to treat alcohol misuse, motivational interviewing (MI) is widely used in a variety of disciplines, including medicine and public health. In Motivational Interviewing, rapport-building is stressed as the cornerstone of the counselling relationship. The notion of acknowledging, analysing, and getting through resistance to changing one's behaviour is one of the fundamental principles of MI (Noar,2017). Client autonomy, client and therapist participation, and evoking or pulling...