United Nations (Data file: UN11) The data in the file UN11 contains several variables, including ppgdp, the gross national product per person in U.S. dollars, and fertility, the birth rate per 1000...

United Nations (Data file: UN11) The data in the file UN11 contains several variables, including ppgdp, the gross national product per person in U.S. dollars, and fertility, the birth rate per 1000 females, both from the year 2009. The data are for 199 localities, mostly UN member countries, but also other areas such as Hong Kong that are not independent countries. The data were collected from United Nations (2011). We will study the dependence of fertility on ppgdp.⁴