Undergraduate students conducted the three studies that follow. For each study identify the dependent variable, the independent variable, the number of levels of the independent variable, and the names of the levels of the independent variable.
a. Becca had students in a statistics class rate a resume, telling them that the person had applied for a position that included teaching statistics at their college. The students rated the resume on a scale of 1 (not qualified) to 10 (extremely qualified). All the students received identical resumes, except that the candidate’s first name was Jane on half the resumes and John on the other half.
b. Michael’s participants filled out the Selfism scale, which measures narcissism. (Narcissism is neurotic self-love.) In addition, students were classified as first-born, second-born, and later-born.
c. Johanna had participants read a description of a crime and “Mr. Anderson,” the person convicted of the crime. For some participants, Mr. Anderson was described as a janitor. For others, he was described as a vice president of a large corporation. For still others, no occupation was given. After reading the description, participants recommended a jail sentence (in months) for Mr. Anderson.