Under IPV6, fragmentation is implemented in end nodes only, unlike IPV4 where fragmentation can be done inside the network. This reduces the amount of processing inside the network. However, it may...

Extracted text: Under IPV6, fragmentation is implemented in end nodes only, unlike IPV4 where fragmentation can be done inside the network. This reduces the amount of processing inside the network. However, it may increase the amount of bandwidth consumption. If the packet header is H, and a packet has to go over N networks, 1, 2, .., N, where the maximum transmission unit of network i, MTU;, is such that MTU; = 2. MTU;+1 for i=1, 2, .., N-1. Find the total number of overhead bits under both IPv4 and IPV6 if the initial packet size is equal to MTU1.