The text describes three social foundations for deviance. Choose one of these and describe an example that illustrates how deviance is socially constructed in society. Support your answer with at least one example mentioned in the Crash Course video.
Extracted text: ty 15th by J... x 241 / 657 61.2% containment theory. In a more recent study, researchers followed 500 nonidentical twin boys from birth until they reached the age of thirty-two. Twins were used so that researchers could compare each of the twins to his brother control- ling for social class and family environment. Observing the boys when they were young, parents, teachers, and the researchers assessed their level of self-control, ability to withstand frustration, and ability to delay gratification. Echoing the previous conclusions of Reckless and Dinitz, the researchers found that the brother who had lower The Social Foundations of Deviance Although we tend to view deviance as the free choice or personal failings of individuals, all behavior-deviance as well as conformity-is shaped by society. Three social foundations of deviance identified here will be detailed later in this chapter: 1. Deviance varies according to cultural norms. No thought or action is inherently deviant; it becomes deviant only in relation to particular norms. Because norms vary from place to place, deviance also var- ies. State law permits prostitution in rural areas of Nevada, although the practice is outlawed in the rest of the United States. As of 2017, medical use of mari- juana is legal in twenty-eight states plus Washington, D.C., and illegal in other states. Just eight states- scores on these measures in childhood almost always went on to get into more trouble, including criminal activ- ity (Moffitt et al., 2011). EVALUATE Psychologists have shown that personality patterns have some con- nection to deviance. Soma serious criminals are psychopaths who do not feel guilt or shame, have no fear of punishment, and have little or no sympathy for the people they harm (Herpertz & Sass, 2000). More generaly. the capacity for self-control and the ability to withstand frustration do soem to be skills that promote conformity. However, as Colorado, Washington, Alaska, Oregon, California, Maine, Massachusetts, and Nevada (plus the District of Columbia)-allow adults to engage in recreational use of marijuana, a practice that is illegal in other states. Drivers on a new highway in western Texas can legally travel at 85 miles per hour, a speed that will draw quick attention from police everywhere else in the country. Just two states (Utah and Hawaii) have no form of legal gambling; forty-eight states do. Forty states have gam- bling casinos, including twenty-eight that permit casinos on Indian reservations, and fourteen that permit casinos at racetracks. Text messaging while driving is legal in only two states (Montana and Arizona) and has been banned by law in forty-six oth- ers; two other states (Texas and Missouri) forbid the practice for young drivers only. Would vou think that everyone could at least agree that fresh milk is good for you? Not so fast: Selling raw milk is legal in ten states and banned or heavily regulated in all the others (Ozersky, 2010; American Gaming Association, 2016; National Conference of Why is it that street-comer gambling like this is usually against the law but playing the same games in a fancy casino is not? State Legislatures, 2017) CHAPTER 8 Deviance 213 MacBook Pro
Extracted text: Soclety 15th by J... x 242 / 657 61.2% CH Further, most cities and towns have at least one unique law. For example, Fort Lee, New Jersey, bans texting while walking: Mobile, Alabama, outlaws the wearing of stiletto-heeled shoes; Pine Lawn, Missouri, bans saggy, "low-rider" pants; in Juneau, Alaska, it is illegal to bring a flamingo into a barbershop; South Padre Island, Texas, bans the wearing of neckties; Mount Prospect, Illinois, has a law against keeping pigeons or bees; Topeka, Kansas, bans snowball fights; Halethorp, Maryland, bans passionate kissing in public; and Beverly Hills, Califomia, regulates the number of tennis balls allowed on the court at one time (Wittenauer, 2007; Belofsky, 2010; Newcomb, 2012; Bielanko. 2013). Durkheim's Basic Insi: In his pioneering study of devi (1964a, orig. 1893; 1964b, orig. 189 claim that there is nothing abnor fact, it performs four essential func 1. Deviance affirms cultural v moral creatures, people must and behaviors to others. But a rests on an opposing idea of vice without evil and no justice with needed to define and support m 2. Responding to deviance clarifi By defining some individuals as a boundary between right and v college marks the line between: cheating by disciplining students 3. Responding to deviance brin People typically react to serious Around the world, deviance is even more diverse. Albania outlaws any public display of religious faith, such as the Catholic practice of "crossing" oneself; Cuba regulates private ownership of personal com- puters and limits access to the internet; Vietnam can prosecute citizens for meeting with foreigners; Malaysia does not allow women to wear tight-fitting jeans; Saudi Arabia bans the sale of red flowers on Valentine's Day; and Iran bans wearing makeup by women and forbids anyone from playing rap music (Chopra, 2008; Freedom I House, 2016). 2. People become deviant as others define them that way. Everyone violates cultural norms at one time or another. Have you ever walked around talking to yourself or "borrowed" a pen from your workplace? Whether such behavior defines us as mentally ill or criminal depends on how others perceive, define, and respond to it. 3. How societies set norms and how they define rule breaking both involve social power. The law, declared Karl Marx, is the means by which powerful people protect their interests. A homeless person who stands on a street corner speaking ouf against the government risks arrest for disturbing the peace; a mavoral candi- date during an election campaign whe does exactly the same thing gets police protection. In short, norms and how we apply them reflect social inequality. BLACK LIVES MATTER Structural-Functional MacBook Pro