topic- literature review how can artificial standardize crime in the metropolis area by geographic matters

Artificial standardize crime
Artificial standardize crime
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Contents
Research Questions    2
Research Gap    2
Literature Review    2
References    7
Research Questions
1. What are the global old and current raw crime data for format artificial standardize crimes?
2. How to train individuals and groups (intelligence agencies) in crime prediction and predictive policing?
3. How can artificial standardize crime in the metropolis area by geographic matters?
Research Gap
This seems to be a simple question, but it has no simple answer. This is especially true in the mysterious world of artificial intelligence (AI), where the concept of intelligent, ruthless machines making apparently unbiased decisions is rapidly disappearing. The 2016 ProPublica survey concluded that data on the use of artificial intelligence systems to determine whether convicted criminals are likely to commit more crimes appears to be biased against ethnic minorities. The company that created the algorithm, Northpointe, called COMPAS, objected to ProPublica's interpretation of the results, but the conflict sparked debate and analysis about how much even the most intelligent machines should trust.
Literature Review
According to a research conducted by Misieng, (2017) Crime scene investigation is the indispensable part of the work and will directly affect the success of criminal investigation (Misieng, 2017). With the advancement of technology and changes in the social situation, on-site investigations are facing unprecedented challenges or issues. Artificial crime standardization highly affects the geographic areas. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the standardization of crime scene investigations.
As per the study done by Newton and Felson, (2015) on the basis of geography and crime science, best practice research is emphasized that better access metrics can be achieved using network-based connections instead of Euclidean distance. Conclusions further indicate that these improvements are consistent across dense urban environments to smaller urban environments to landscapes in rural and remote areas (Newton and Felson, 2015). These measurements provide a more appropriate proximity measurement since network-based measurements have been found to more accurately represent reach ability and connectivity. The network-based approach allows for more precise measurement of functional proximity between locations. In the form of criminal justice system, crime scene investigations also have basic system rules and characteristics. Therefore, the system can be implemented in the field of manual standardization of crime scene investigations....