Topic is Human Nutrition and The Digestive System.
UNIT 7 ASSIGNMENT. Access To Higher Education Diploma (Nursing ) Human Nutrition and the Digestive System This unit is Graded and has a value of 3 credits. About this Unit The assignment for this unit is in three parts. Detailed guidance for each is provided in the assignment brief. Before you begin, you should review the content of the study materials for this unit. You should then research the subject area more widely. You are permitted to send a draft of this unit’s assignment to your assessor for feedback prior to submitting it for marking. This must be a complete and final draft of your assignment; do not send one question/section at a time. You are only able to have ONE draft reviewed for this unit and this must be prior to your first submission. Once this assignment has been marked, you are not able to send any amended work to your tutor for review. This unit is graded; you will therefore be awarded with a Pass, Merit or Distinction once you have successfully achieved all of the learning outcomes and assessment criteria. Refer to the grid for the grade descriptors and indicators for Merit and Distinction. Remember: this assignment has to be all your own work. Whilst properly referenced content is fine and encouraged, any work that is not wholly your own effort has to be acknowledged as such and correctly referenced using the Harvard format. 1 QUESTION You are required to deliver a presentation that explains the following areas: • The structures and functions of the digestive system. • The processes of mechanical and chemical digestion including the optimum conditions for the enzymes involved. You must discuss at least two specific named enzymes, for example, pepsin. • The constituent food groups of a balanced diet and provide examples of their sources. GUIDANCE You will need to produce a set of slides using PowerPoint or similar software. You can then use these to support the delivery of your presentation. Any notes that you have used to support the delivery of your presentation must also be submitted. Your presentation will need to be video recorded and the relevant file submitted as part of your assignment. The video must clearly show you delivering the presentation with your slides in the background. A copy of the slides you have written and used will also need to be submitted. Your presentation should be a maximum of 8 minutes in duration. This time limit is the absolute maximum you are permitted. If you are over the time limit for this assignment in any way you will receive your assignment back without further comment or feedback. Refer to the study materials in the ‘Academic Writing Skills’ unit for detailed guidance as to how to structure, produce and deliver a presentation. Refer to pages 14-15 of your course handbook for guidance as to how to upload your video file to the system. Relevant theory must be referenced where appropriate and a references list provided. Your presentation should also contain appropriate diagrams to support your commentary. If these are taken from published sources they must be referenced accordingly. Hide Assessment Criteria · AC 11.1: Explain the structures and functions of the digestive system to include mechanical and chemical digestion with reference to optimum conditions · AC 21.1: Explain the constituent food groups of a balanced diet and their sources 2 QUESTION Produce a short essay analysing the dietary scenarios provided in the Assessor’s Guidance below. Within your analysis you need to discuss the consequences of not achieving a balanced diet and provide recommendations on how the diets could be improved. GUIDANCE The essay should be written in paragraphs which flow; it is therefore recommended that you plan your essay before you start to write it. You must attempt to include some conclusions and recommendations towards the end of your essay. Relevant theory must be referenced where appropriate, and a references list and bibliography provided. The essay should be a maximum of 800 words in length. This word limit is the absolute maximum you are permitted. If you are over the word limit for this assignment in any way you will receive your assignment back without further comment or feedback. Download Assessor Guidance Dietary Scenario 1 Michael is married with two teenage sons and is 42 years old. He works long hours. At weekends he enjoys watching sports programmes on TV, but due to an injury in a football match some years ago he is no longer able to swim or play football. He and his wife both drive cars and enjoy eating out. His current weight is 98kg and he is 1.78m tall. Michaels’ total energy and nutrients for a typical day are outlined in the table below. Energy 11,347kJ Fat 151g Of which saturated fatty acids 51g Monounsaturated fatty acids 47g Polyunsaturated fatty acids 38g Carbohydrate 222g Of which starch, intrinsic & milk sugars 168g Non-milk extrinsic sugars 54g Calcium 960mg Vitamin C 78mg Fibre 14.3g Dietary Scenario 2 Stephanie is trying to get pregnant but to date has had little success. She is 31 years old, 5 feet 4 inches tall and her current weight is 5 stones and 10 pounds. Her waist measures 25 inches and her hips measure 33 inches at the widest point. She wears size 6 clothes but these are loose fitting. During a recent visit to her GP blood tests were taken which revealed that Stephanie is suffering from Anaemia. Stephanie needs to know what dietary changes she needs to make in order to increase her chances of conceiving and what eating habits she should adopt should she become pregnant. Dietary Scenario 3 Imran is 12 years old and an avid gamer. He spends any time that he isn’t at school on his games console usually with curtains drawn so he can see the screen properly. His sister Ghazala complains to their mother that all he does is sit in his room, in the dark playing games and eating rubbish such as sweets and crisps. As a result, he is becoming overweight. Imran tripped whilst leaving the house for school one morning and was rushed to A&E. The doctor at the hospital looked very concerned and she sat with Imran’s m other and sister and gave them the news that I been diagnosed with malnutrition. m ran had fractured his left tibia and had She gave high in vitamin rich foo Imran ’ s mother a diet sheet which was ds and she also prescribed a vitamin D supplement with a recommendation that Imran’s diet needs to change, and he needs to get more sunlight. The doctor went on to explain that Imran’s bone density was lower than you would expect for a boy of his age and his fem I mran ’ s mother urs were becoming bowed. She then inf ormed that this was the start of a disease that had all but been eradicated in Britain but was starting to increase again among people of Imran’s age having po or diets and not getting enough sunlight. due t o them having po or diets and not getting enough sunlight. 1 Hide Assessment Criteria · AC 31.1: Explain dietary requirements at key life stages and the consequences of not achieving a balanced diet. 3 QUESTION There are a range of methods and techniques used to measure body mass including: • Weight and height measurement • Physical measurements (callipers, BMI measuring tapes) • Bioelectrical impedance • Hydrostatic weighing • 3D body scanners Produce a table which evaluates three of these methods/techniques in terms of their strengths, limitations and accuracy. GUIDANCE Your table must clearly identify the strengths, limitations and accuracy of each method/technique. The table should contain a maximum of 400 words. This word limit is the absolute maximum you are permitted. If you are over the word limit for this assignment in any way you will receive your assignment back without further comment or feedback. Hide Assessment Criteria · AC 31.2: Evaluate the methods used to measure body mass UNIT 7 READING Lesson 2 of 5 The human digestive system The function of the digestive system is digestion and absorption. Food is broken down into small molecules which are then absorbed into the body. The digestive track is a continuous tube with two openings (the mouth and the anus). It includes: The mouth The mouth includes the teeth and tongue. The teeth chew food, performing the mechanical breakdown. The incisors bite and the canines tear food into little pieces. The tongue mixes food with saliva during chewing (mastication), rolls it into a bolus and passes it on down the oesophagus with the swallowing action. There are three pairs of salivary glands in the mouth that secrete saliva. Saliva consists of water, mineral salts and an enzyme called ptyalin, which starts the digestion of starchy foods. Saliva is slightly alkaline and keeps the mouth moist and softens the food. Saliva is controlled by the autonomic system, but is stimulated by hunger and the sight and smell of food. The pharynx The pharynx receives the bolus of food from the mouth. The process of swallowing then becomes involuntary. This is because the muscular wall of the pharynx constricts and pushes food over the epiglottis (which closes the larynx off) and on into the oesophagus. The oesophagus The oesophagus is about 25cm long and extends from the pharynx through the diaphragm and into the stomach. It has a covering of elastic fibrous tissue. Liquids and semi-solids slide down the oesophagus, assisted by gravity, but solids are pushed down by peristalsis. The liver The liver is located on the right side of the abdomen, just below the diaphragm. It is responsible for producing bile. Bile is a yellowish-green fluid which comprises water, salts, cholesterol and the pigment bilirubin. The bile leaves the liver via bile ducts, where it is transported to the gallbladder and stored. The gallbladder The gallbladder is a pear-shaped sac that is attached to the liver. The main role of the gallbladder is to store bile. Bile helps digest fat. The stomach The stomach is a hollow muscular organ lying inferiorly to the diaphragm in the upper-left quadrant. The muscular coat of the stomach churns the food up in the stomach, mixing it with the gastric juices in order to digest the food (break it down). The bolus of food becomes more fluid and is called chyme