Tom is a 48 year old male, presenting with substernal crushing chest pain. He has swelling to his feet and ankles, and shortness of breath on exertion. 1. It is likely that Tom’s symptoms are being...

Tom is a 48 year old male, presenting with substernal crushing chest pain. He has swelling to his feet and ankles, and shortness of breath on exertion.
1.    It is likely that Tom’s symptoms are being caused by problems with which body system?
Tom’s symptom will likely associated with Heart Failure (HF) or complications involving with manifestations of cardiac disorders. Chest pain may result from myocardial ischaemic or from pericarditis (inflammation of the pericardium). Ischemic pain is the result of a deficiency of blood to the myocardium, caused by a blocked or constricted coronary blood vessel. Substernal chest pain is a very painful and some can be extremely serious to include pulmonary embolism, stable/unstable angina, acute coronary syndrome or myocardial infarction.  Several potential causes of chest pain require emergency care. The swelling to Tom’s feet and ankles may likely cause a sign of heart failure that condition affects the ability of the heart to function well as pump. The main symptoms of right side heart failure are swollen feet and ankles which is the build-up of excess fluid in the legs. CHD (coronary heart disease) is the most common cause of heart failure.

http://www.epainassist.com/chest-pain/substernal-chest-pain

2. Explain the likely pathophysiology of Tom’s chest pain and the swelling to his feet and ankles.      Pg 537, 539, 542(stable & Unstable), 544-5 (unstable Angina & St segment),

The Pathophysiology of Tom’s chest pain and the swelling to his feet and ankles are as following,
3.    In planning services for Tom you note that organizational requirements state that any client admitted with chest pain requires the following procedures:
(a)         Explain the purpose of one (1) of the above tests.
Electrocardiogram (EKG): This test is a basic test for individual client who are complaining of chest pain. The result will show clearly on the EKG through electrodes attached to various points in the skin and the electrical activity of the heart is monitored. The injuries heart muscles does