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Tanmoy answered on Sep 14 2021
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LOAN WORDS IN CHINESE
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What is Chinese Loan word?
Loan word or ‘Wailaici’
Similar meaning to a word for foreign language
It’s due to cultural exchange between China and other countries
Loaning words sped up during Qing Dynasty (1644 – 1911)
A loanword is also called Wailaici which have a similar meaning and phonetic form to a word taken from a foreign language and which have been naturalized in the recipient language. Since the ancient times, the cultural languages between China and other countries have fetched and integrated a myriad of loanwords to the Chinese language. The words loaning has been existed between China and English for more than thousand years. It was in the year 1268-1644 during the Ming Dynasty the Chinese loaning begin. The loaning rate was sped up during the Qing dynasty (1644 – 1911) (Xuan Liu & Lanqin Zhang, 2011).
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Usage of Loan words
Shi Youwei (2000:192) – Loan words in Chinese
English loan word used in Chinese – touched every aspects of social life
Used in the field of sports, law, military, biology, geography, foreign language etc.
The usage of loan words have been discussed in the book “Loan words in Chinese” written by Shi Youwei (2000:192). In this book it is stated that the Chinese loan word used in Chinese concerned every aspect of the social life. The loan words were used in various field like sports, military, biology, geography, foreign language etc. The usage of loaning words is also used in the field of textile, clothing, T-shirts, cigar and jackets. It is also used in military science for the purpose of secret coding, in gatling gun, cannon and warfare tanks. It was also used in the field of economics which emphasized on Gini coefficient, Bear and bull market. Finally, it is also used in the field of mathematics, physics and chemistry for the purpose of calorie, nylon, nicotine, Vaseline and iodine.
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Source of languages of Chinese loan words in English
Chinese dialects affects the Chinese – English loaning process
Five major languages – Mandarin, Wu, Min, Yue and Hakka
Mandarin widely spoken dialect of Chinese
Based on the speech of Beijing and Northeast region of China
Dialects can be classified into various groups which are called Mandarin, Gan, Hakka, Min, Wu, Xiang and Yue. These are the language groups and consists of a large number of dialects. The dialects of Gan can be heard in the parts of Western China and is spoken in parts of Jiangxi province. Mandarin is all over China and is considered as the official language. Hakka is a language used by people in various parts of Taiwan, Guangdong, Guizhou and Jiangxi. Min is a dialect which is spoken in Fujian. This is the dialect group which have varied word pronunciation variations. Wu dialect is heard at the Yangtze Delta and Shanghai provinces (Jun Shan, 2019)
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Source of languages of Chinese loan words in English
Wu – spoken in lower Yangzi river and its tributaries
Shanghainese well known variety of Wu
Min – spoken by people of Taiwan, Hainan and Fujian
Yue spoken in Guangdong
Hakka is the least well known dialect group outside China
The distinguishing feature of these Chinese language is the tones. There are four tones in Mandarin and six tones in Cantonese. The tone in language terminology is the pitch where the syllables in words are spoken. Various words emphasizes on various pitches in...