This is a one page paper that is titled: Implications and Limitations Section. This is part of a research proposal. The paper
should be focused on answering in the body of the paper the below questions. Use APA style and have at least 2 references
supporting the answers give. There are two attachments to help in creating this paper. The original proposal statement and the
methods section of the proposal section. REMEMBER THIS IS THE IMPLICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS SECTION. DO NOT
RESTATE THE PROSAL STATMENT FOCUS ON ANSWERING THE BELOW QUESTIONS IN RELATION TO THE STUDY.
Identify and label a minimum of two (2) implications and a minimum of two (2) limitations for the proposed study(Attached). At a
minimum, answer the following questions:
• What implications and limitations are being made regarding the proposed sample and how it represents the proposed
population?
• What implications are you making regarding the instrument’s validity and its ability to measure the desired variables?
• What implications are being made in having respondents truthfully answer a survey, questionnaire, or interview questions?
• Identify the limitations of the research proposal, such as the limited population for the study.
Research Proposal Statement: Intellectual Property Law (IPL) and International Trade Agreement (ITA) directly affect the global health environment. Thus, the need of doing this study mainly in the area of access of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) is important because there are several clashes between World Trade Organizations (WTO) members and health care activists regarding the provision of ART. This problem is important enough to study because it has become a concerning issue for governments and pharmaceutical companies to have patents and strongest IP law for HIV related therapies, products and drug manufacturing techniques. These IP laws and ITA are important to manage the delivery of drugs in developing countries in an effective and lawful manner. Due to all these issues, this study is important and there is a need to execute strong provisions related to IP laws and ITA in different countries of the world. Methods section for Research Proposal I. Research’s method The method and the research procedures include all efforts used to guarantee high quality health care services and to improve population health. The present paper gives an overview of the following research directions: The feasibility of ART in resource-poor settings, The distinct approaches being adopted to delivery of ART, The problems to be considered in scaling up ART provision. 1. Method of research The method of research is based on case studies from several regions around the world with the use of cross-sectional survey questionnaire. Guidelines have to be developed based on these studies in wealthy industrialized countries, which rely heavily on laboratory tests which are most of the times unavailable in the developing countries, may not be feasible or appropriate for resource-limited settings. In general, the delivery of antiretroviral therapy in the developing world needs guidelines for the appropriate monitoring of therapy, including monitoring for treatment effectiveness and treatment failure, drug toxicities, adherence to therapy, and the emergence of resistant organisms. 2. Participants The participants in our study are samples taken from the health care centers since they are receiving many patients from various entry points, including: - Prevention of mother-to child transmission (PMTCT), - Maternal and child health (MCH) - TB (Tuberculosis) programs, - VCT (Voluntary counseling and testing) centers, - Other hospitals and pediatric clinics. 3. Research design Cross-sectional survey questionnaire is to be adopted to collect data and to conduct the study. Strategies and approaches have to be developed to support health institutions to deliver ART support, and these strategies should be based on lessons learned and previous experiences. While there has been enormous evolution in the prevention, treatment of disease and diagnosis and several argue that many regions remain largely excluded from such scientific advance. The debate is in relation with the value and the role of patents published for drug manufacturing techniques, medicines and forms of drug delivery. In practice, it is the question of whether the developing countries should have the possibility to produce patented drugs so as to give their citizens with drug that may otherwise be too expensive for the majority of the world’s poor that is the problem at the centre of this international debate. Governments could potentially produce generic (non-branded) drugs/medicines and make them available at a fraction of the price of the branded equivalents. Branded medicines are marketed and made by the international pharmaceutical enterprises that hold the patents on the medicines. 4. Methods, Instrumentation and Data Collection Plans Participants had to complete a questionnaire during a dedicated meeting. The questionnaire was made up of following sections: (1) Participants’ ratings of the importance of chosen criterias about ART; (2) Participants’ selection of 10 criteras from a list of 20 essential and non-essential ones, given a limited budget; (3) Participants’ knowledge and understanding of terminology used in clinical trials and economic analyses. II. Data analysis 1. Analysis’s variables The intervening parts have to analyze the input variables and to establish priorities for the given technical support and work on the basis of the following 5 strategic acts, each act shows a critical field where the health sector must invest if important progress is to be made towards reaching universal access. 1. Enabling any person anywhere to know their HIV status. 2. Growing the health sector's contribution to HIV prevention. 3. Accelerating the scale-up of HIV and AIDS care and treatment. 4. Expanding and strengthening health systems. 5. Directing the investments in strategic information to guide a more effective response. The ART treatment can be both complicated and very expensive to be able to take it. In practice, treatment costs can be minimized by adopting generic rather than brand name medicines. The United Nations organizations, several foundations, bilateral donors and private voluntary organizations are assisting low- and middle income countries to help them to have access to ART. It should be noticed that once ART is started, it must be continued for life since it minimizes the effects of the Human Immunodeficiency. 2. Relationship between variables Health entities have to work together in order to be able to coordinate a wide range of ARV providers in emerging national programmes. Many providers in several settings are working under a variety of financing, management, clinical practices and logistic arrangements. The rapid growth of these different approaches and methods to ARV provision makes it hard for planners and policy makers to make the coverage evaluation, equity impact and quality of services. 3. Decision making criteria Participants rated the following criteria as always important: quality of life, potential for the ART to be used, patient compliance, severity of the clinical indication, burden of disease and whether the ART treatment provided symptomatic relief or cured the condition. When asked to choose the criteria given a limited budget there was a trend towards choosing drugs to treat chronic conditions (HIV, hypertension, diabetes, etc.) and infectious diseases (antibiotics and anti-TB drugs). In conclusion, participants can rate their understanding of clinical and economic terms as high. 4. Used computer software Such study has to be developed and evaluated using computer software programs which are delivered in conjunction with clinical care in increasing and supporting antiretroviral therapy adherence in HIV-infected individuals to be able to measure the effectiveness of an individualized and interactive research work. 5. Validity of the measurement The present study provides evidence of the validity of the measurement tools. The health- related quality of life helps in examine the convergent validity of the measurement. Most poor persons pay for drugs out of pocket, so even slight cost rises mean that life-saving drugs are really unaffordable. In order to address this concern and to face this problem, the poor regions around the world must be permitted to access to certain patents and must be able to produce generic versions of essential and vital medicines, for example those destined to treat HIV/AIDS. Generic medicines can be given at a fraction of the price of their branded equivalents. 6. Reliability of the variables The answered the knowledge questions by the participants can only be considered only if they are correctly answered. It is necessary to consider a range of other variables in addition to the selected criterias. It should bear in mind that we have to consider cost- effectiveness and efficacy as priority issues in drug selection.