This assignment requires you to describe your planned/proposed research project that you have focussed on in your area of interest. Using the same proposed research question, please describe in detail...

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Diabetes in Children of Australia
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Table of Contents
Introduction    3
Clinical Problems    3
Background    5
Findings    10
Ethical considerations    11
Conclusion    12
References    14
Introduction
The most common type of diabetes in children is Type I diabetes, which is widely known as juvenile diabetes. The pancreas is unable to make insulin, which is responsible for glucose functioning in the body to provide energy to the cells. Without insulin, the glucose level in the blood increases. However, it is noted that the children have begun to encounter with Type II diabetes that used to be adult-onset diabetes. The researchers stated that the increased rate of incidence of Type II diabetes is related to an increased rate of obesity among children. In Type II diabetes, the body is unable to use and prepare insulin. Both the Type I and Type II diabetes have become common in Australia especially affecting the children. Hence, in this study, the clinical problems along with the disease background have been thoroughly discussed.
Clinical Problems
The clinical problems of Type I and Type II diabetes in children differ. The most crucial symptoms for Type I diabetes in children include increased urination and thirst, weight loss, hunger, fatigue, fruity smell while breathing, irritability and blurred vision (Chiang et al., 2018). Girls are likely to develop a yeast infection and the weight loss is considered as the most significant symptom prior to diagnosis. Healthcare professionals ask children to utilize toilets frequently and drink more fluids. Weight loss and feeling tired must not be ignored. On the contrary, the common and crucial symptoms of Type II diabetes in children include frequent urination especially at night, tiredness, enhanced thirst, itching in genitals, significant weight loss, slow healing of wounds and blurred vision as the lens of the eyes become dry (Wang et al., 2019). Thus, it is necessary to understand the early signs and symptoms of Type I and Type II diabetes in children so that it can be controlled within the specified time. The prolonged existence of the disease in children can cause renal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, eye and foot diseases and others that may turn into a chronic illness.
PICO Framework
Table 1: PICO Analysis
    Features
    Analysis
    Population
    Children of the age range 0-14 years affected with Type I and Type II diabetes
    Intervention
    Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM)
    Comparison
    Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG)
    Outcome
    Reduction of hypoglycemic events and improved glycemic control
(Source: Created by the learner)
Clinical Question: In children of age between 0-14 years (P) having Type I and Type II diabetes, does CGM (Continuous Glucose Monitoring) (I) over SMBG (Self-monitoring of blood glucose) levels (C) enhances glycemic control and decreased hypoglycemic events (O)?
Clinical Sub-questions:
1. How many people are aware of childhood diabetes and its negative impacts?
2. Is it possible to analyze the foot and eye problem after few days of diabetes occurrence?
3. What are the diabetes screening activities and how have they proved significant in detecting diabetes in children?
Background
The incidence and prevalence rate of Type I diabetes among the children of Australia has increased from 2013-2017 (de Bock et al., 2018). Most of the children belonging to the age group of 0-14 years are found to be stable, whereas, more than 143 cases are recorded per 100,000 children in Australia. In the year 2017, the highest rate was recorded to be 168 per 100,000 children and they were mostly inhabitants of the inner regional areas of Australia (Simm et al., 2018). This was followed by the children belonging to the same age range but residing on outer regional areas (148), major cities (135) and sub-urban and remote areas (87). Non-indigenous children were found to be extremely affected by diabetes than the indigenous children, accounting to about 137 over 87 cases per 100,000 children. Children born outside Australia are likely to suffer from Type I diabetes than children born in the country and this accounts to be 145 cases over 134 cases per 100,000 children (AIHW, 2020).
Figure 1: Prevalence rate of Type I diabetes in children of Australia
(Source: AIHW, 2020)
Figure 2: Incidence of childhood diabetes in different regions of Australia
(Source: AIHW, 2020)
Diabetes is the most crucial cause of kidney diseases in adults, however, its impact on children and associated kidney failures are less common (Hill et al., 2017). On the other hand, the rate of Type I and Type II diabetes among children has increased the risks of cardiovascular disease during childhood days. Diabetic children are highly exposed to heart diseases and encounter extensive exposure to hyperglycemia that are causal factors of both macrovascular and microvascular disease (Balakumar et al., 2016). Diabetes also has a significant impact on the eyes of the children. Diabetic retinopathy is a key disorder of the eye in children affected with diabetes. It causes changes in the retina (Keel et al., 2016). This is due to the high blood sugar in children that intensifies eye-related complications. Mostly, children belonging to the age range of early puberty are affected by this disease. On the other hand, uncontrollable diabetes is likely to damage the nerves in children. If the damage of neurons is extensive in legs and feet, the children may not sense any pain, heat or cold in that region of the foot. This lack of feeling in children due to diabetes is termed as sensory diabetic neuropathy (Ahmed et al., 2017). If the child is exposed to cut injury or wound in that foot, lack of sensation may lead to serious infection.
Infants and toddlers are found to be affected by Type I diabetes, these young children impose crucial challenges to the healthcare service providers and their family members (Klaprat et al., 2019). During the diagnosis of diabetes, children may lack the clinical symptoms of diabetes. For this, healthcare professionals must be aware of the possibility of diabetes that has occurred due to the underlying health concerns of the child. If the healthcare professional is not alert and active in this context, the diagnosis of the classical symptoms of diabetes may be missed. This creates a significant gap in clinical practice. On the contrary, another gap in the clinical setting is that once the diabetes is diagnosed in the children, setting up the treatment regimen concerning...