This assignment must be completed by 13:00 PM EST Afternoon on April 1st, 2022. I got a 71% on the last assignment I just hope we can do better this time I even gave you the required references file for you to complete the assignment and answer the question with proper judgment and explanation.
Microsoft Word - Assignment 2 Template.docx Assignment2: Deadline April01,2022at11:59:59PMEST(1secondbeforemidnight) UploadyourfileasaPDF. ImportantDetails • Thereare3questions,answereachquestiononaseparatepage. • Writetheassignmentinyourownwords.Ifyoucopy&pastesentences,marks couldbedeductedthroughthequalitymetric. • Foreachquestion,referencethesourceofyouranswer.Meaning,youranswerfor 1ashouldbereferenced,1bshouldbereferenced,andsoforth. • Intextcitationsarerequiredforyourreferences.Asanexample,intextcitationsare usedtopresentthequestionsbelow. Questions 1. RecentresearchindicatesthecostoffloodingeventsinCanadamaytripleby2030 [1].InthisquestionweexaminehowfloodingintheOttawariveriscontrolled. Hint:SeeReference2[2],tohelpanswerQuestions1a,1b,1c.Thequalityofyour questionisworth1pt. a. Howdowedefinefloodingandwhatisthemostcommontypeoffloodingin Canada?(4pts) b. WhatisthecauseoffloodinginthemainstemoftheOttawaRiver?(2pts) c. Whatdoestheterm"integratedmanagement"mean?Howisthe"integrated management"approachusedtomitigateagainstfloods?(3pts) 2. Someofyoumayrecallin2019,afloodingeventtookplaceinEasternCanadathat coveredON,QC,andNB.Inthisquestion,wewillexaminetheeventindetail. Hint:SeetheCanadianDisasterDatabase[3],forQuestion2a.Youwillneedtofind referencesfor2b,2c,2d,and2eonyourown.Acrediblesourceisrequiredfor2b.A newsarticlecanbefoundfor2c.Thequalityofyouranswerisworth3pts. a. Describetheevent(8pts). b. Whatistheestimatedcostfromthisevent(1pt) c. Whatisfloodproofing(2pts)? d. Howhave3neighboursalongtheGatineauRiverfloodproofedtheirhomes (1ptsperstrategy,3ptstotal)? e. Describeinfrastructureusedforfloodmitigationbyaregionoutsideof Canada.(3pts) 3. AccordingtotheCanadianDisasterDatabase[3],the1998icestormisthecostliest naturaldisasterinCanadianhistory.Wewillexaminetheeventindetail. Hint:SeetheCanadianDisasterDatabase[3],forQuestion3aandReference#4[4] forQuestion3c.Youwillneedtofindreferencesto3band3donyourown.The qualityofyouranswerisworth3pts. a. Describetheevent(8pts). b. Describehowthiseventformed(3pts). c. Whatmitigationstrategieshavebeenappliedtominimizedamagefromice storms?(3pts) d. Describeinfrastructureorenhancementsmadetoinfrastructureusedforice stormmitigationbyaregionoutsideofCanada.(3pts) Otherrequirements 1. Maximum3pages.Formattinginstructionsarebelow. 2. Youmustreferencewhereyoufindeachanswerandusein-textcitations. a. Theremainingreferencesshouldbefromcrediblesourcessuchas governmentwebsites,governmentpublications,andnewspaperarticles. b. Socialmediawillnotbeacceptedasareference. c. Wikipediawillnotbeacceptedasareference. d. Referencescanbeonaseparatepageandwillnotcounttowardsthepage count. Format Atemplateisprovidedforyoutouse. Ifyoudonotwishtousethisdocument,yourassignmentmustadheretothefollowing: - 3pagemaximumforthepaper,referencesona4thpage - 1inchmarginsonallsides - Fonttypes:Cambria,CalibriorArial - Fontsize:12 - Linespacing:1.5line Grading Theassignmentwillbegradedoutof50ptsandisworth10%ofyourfinalgrade. Thefollowingpenaltiescanbeapplied: 1. Maximum5ptsdeductedifthepagelimitisexceeded. 2. 5ptpenaltyforeachdaytheassignmentislate.Themaximumdeductionwillbe15 pts. 3. Maximum5ptsdeductediftheformattingguidelinesnotfollowed. 4. Maximum2.5ptsdeductedforeachmissingreference. Questions QuestionsregardingtheassignmentshouldbepostedontheForum. AdditionalTips 1. Usetheentirepagetoanswereachquestion. 2. Examinehowmanypointseachquestionisworthandmakesureyouprovide sufficientdetailstogetyourmarks. 3. Atitlepageisnotnecessary 4. Writeobjectively a. Bebriefandstraighttothepoint. b. Usenumberswhenpossible.Avoidadjectivesunlessyoucannotfindthe applicablenumber. 5. ReferencesshoulduseAPAstyleorastyleusedinpublicationsinyourareaofstudy. Youwillnotbegradedbasedonthereferencingstyleyouchoose,butthestyle shouldbeconsistentlyappliedforallreferences. References 1. Rabson,Mia."Canada’sfloodcostsmaytripleby2030ifprotectionsaren’t improved:report".TheCanadianPress.April23,2020 https://globalnews.ca/news/6860318/canada-flood-costs-triple/ 2. OttawaRiverRegulationPlanningBoard(October24,2019).2019SpringFlood- QuestionsandAnswers. https://ottawariver.ca/information/publications/ 3. PublicSafetyCanada(2021,December20).CanadianDisasterDatabase. https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/cndn-dsstr-dtbs/index-en.aspx 4. Komljenovic,Dragan&Lavoie,Maryse&Delourme,Benoît.(2019).Casestudy series(WEC2019):ExtremeWeather,IceStromCanada1998. ERTH2415 Assignment 2 Template Instructions: 1. Read and delete everything that is highlighted in yellow before submitting. 2. Tip, if you are short on space, remove all empty lines and make sure you are using 1.5 spacing. 3. Each question should include an in text citation. Meaning Question 1a should be referenced where your answer(s) was found, Question 1b should have its own references, etc. The Instructions document provides examples of in text citation. 4. Each question should be on a separate page. There is a 3 page limit. 5. If possible, submit your assignment as a PDF. This will be beneficial if you have upload issues. 6. Post your questions on the forum. 1a. Definition of flooding. [Write your answer here] 1b. Causes of flooding in the Ottawa River. [Write your answer here] 1c. The “integrated management” approach. [Write your answer here] 2ab. The 2019 Eastern Canada flood. [Write your answer here] [You can merge 2a with 2b. Don’t forget your in text citation] 2cd. Migitation by floodproofing [Write your answer here] [You can merge 2c with 2d. Don’t forget your in text citation] 2e. Flood mitigation strategies used outside of Canada 3a. The 1998 Eastern Canada ice storm. [Write your answer here] 3b. How the 1998 ice storm formed. [Write your answer here] 3c. Mitigation strategies against ice storms. [Write your answer here] 3d. Ice storm mitigation strategies used outside of Canada [Write your answer here] References 1. Rabson, Mia. "Canada’s flood costs may triple by 2030 if protections aren’t improved: report". The Canadian Press. April 23, 2020 https://globalnews.ca/news/6860318/canada-flood-costs-triple/ 2. Ottawa River Regulation Planning Board (October 24, 2019). 2019 Spring Flood - Questions and Answers. https://ottawariver.ca/information/publications/ 3. Public Safety Canada (2021, December 20). Canadian Disaster Database. https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/cndn-dsstr-dtbs/index-en.aspx 4. Komljenovic, Dragan & Lavoie, Maryse & Delourme, Benoît. (2019). Case study series (WEC 2019): Extreme Weather, Ice Strom Canada 1998. [This page does not count towards your 3 page maximum] [In MS Word, you can use “Insert” > “Cross Reference” to place an text citation in your answer. Using this method, you will be able to add references and MS Word will update the numbering by “right click” on the cross reference and click “update all”] C A S E S T U D Y S E R I E S This case study is part of an extreme weather impact project, in partnership with Swiss RE Corporate Solutions and Marsh & McLennan Companies, which aims to identify and share best practice within the energy sector to enable more agile and adaptive response to extreme weather and natural hazard impacts on energy systems and supplies. CASE STUDY AT GLANCE Between January 5 and 10, 1998, Québec experienced excep- tionally harsh weather as three successive storms left up to 110 mm of ice over the south of the province. Though robust and well-maintained, the Hydro-Québec (HQ) grid suffered unprecedented damage. Thousands of poles, towers and kilo- metres of lines fell, often through a domino effect, sometimes increasing by 80% the time it took to restore service to cus- tomers. In the days and weeks that followed, thousands of HQ workers, with substantial support from colleagues from Qué- bec companies and neighbouring electrical utilities, worked relentlessly to restore power in the regions hardest hit. Follow- ing the event, HQ made a series of major grid investments to better withstand the impacts of such extreme weather events. This includes setting new construction standards to increase the mechanical strength of the grid, vegetation control near T&D lines and changing the configuration of the T&D system to make energy sources more secure and to include redundant sources of supply in case of line failures. Ice storm Hydro Quebec (HQ) Generation, Transmission Distribution (T&D) Physical hardening, R&D, collaborations and partnerships This case study describes the events related to the exceptional ice storm of 1998, which caused widespread damage to the T&D system of HQ. The facts presented here are retrieved from the enterprise’s technical documentation, presentations, papers and archives, information available publicly at the HQ’s site devoted to this event, as well as from findings and recom- mendations presented by the Special Governmental Commis- sion (Commission Nicolet) created following the ice storm. 815-1028 M$ (Hydro-Quebec) CONTEXT Manages 63 hydroelectric power plants, 38 GW approximately installed generation power, and 353 hydroelectric generators. Operates the most extended and complex transmission line network in North-America, with over 34,000 km comprising high voltage (49 kV to 735/765 kV) lines and 533 transmission substations. 85% of concentrated load is located in the south within the larger Montréal (Metropolitan) loop. 15 strategic inter-connections with neighbour grids for exports/imports (Ontario, New Brunswick, NE USA). Three episodes of freezing rain with average ice accretion between 50 and 70 mm. The regions of Outaouais, Montérégie, Beauce and Montréal were the hardest hit Storms damaged 24,000 poles, 900 steel towers and 3,000 km of lines and left 1,393,000 customers without power. The ice storm has had an overall cost to the public finances of $1.656 billion with two-thirds or $ 1.028 billion, was borne by the Québec government, directly or through HQ. - 1 - EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS | ICE STORM | CANADA | JANUARY 1998 Starting on January 6, the ice storm hit the T&D system in and around Montréal hard. A short-circuit signal tripped switches that put T&D lines out of commission. Ground wires sagged under the weight of the ice and the suspension system of many transmission lines broke and fell, creating short circuits. Fasteners holding power lines and ground wires snapped under the heavy ice and some towers were pulled down by the shift in load. When the transmission lines were no longer working, HQ used other circuits to provide service, however these also collapsed, leading to a breakdown in power supply. Although hydropower stations were still generating electrici- ty, it could not get to the substations and the distribution system that would carry it to customers. In urban areas, fallen branches and trees damaged distribution lines and poles, and in rural areas, transformers caught fire and power lines snapped under the weight of the ice. Violent winds further damaged distribution lines. RESILIENCE: RESPONSE AND RECOVERY The whole society was mobilized in recovery activities. Every afternoon at 5, the Quebec’s Premier Lucien Bouchard, HQ’s President and CEO, André Caillé, and a representative of the Organisation de la sécurité civile (ORSC) held a press briefing to inform the public about the condition of the grid. The aim was to provide accurate information and keep the public informed at every stage of the response. The Québec government became responsible for overseeing the entire emergency response plan and maintaining the line of communication between the public and civil society organizations, HQ and the Canadian Armed Forces. On January 10, the ORSC set ‘Operation Ice Storm’ into motion, which comprised several work units, each charged with a priority mission to assist disaster victims. Some 750 volunteers from government departments and agencies took care of administration, food, financial assistance, firewood, generators, accommodation and information. Close to 9,000 soldiers were called in to help pick up branches, dispose of broken parts of transmission and distribution lines, transport new components for rebuilding lines and ensuring safety. Thanks to their invaluable assistance, the ORSC, fire fighters, police and HQ employees could concentrate on their own essential duties. The media played a dual role in the ice storm. Firstly, they provided information on the grid’s condition to blackout victims and the public at large. They also reported on events in the field and painted a picture of the situation, complementing those of other players. People in disaster areas especially appreciated radio coverage. The main underpinning of the emergency response plan was indisputably the mutual support of Quebecers in all regions. Not only did they offer room and board to friends and strangers alike but they generously donated cords of firewood, generators, food and blankets. They ran shelters and comforted victims. Some companies, like Zellers and Walmart, provided blankets to the town of Saint-Jean-sur- Richelieu and L’entrepôt RONA and Canadian Tire stayed open around the clock so that people could buy tools to clean up or rebuild. From the very outset, HQ set up 30 missions to be deployed in the affected areas. Each mission consisted of some 120 people, including a mission chief,