This assignment focuses on ontology creation. Review the following articles, module notes, and textbook. Create a 10 slide PowerPoint presentation (not including the title slide and reference slide)...

Ontology creation
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Introduction: What are Ontologies
An ontology is a formal definition of knowledge that specifies the ideas and interactions that exist between them within a given area.
A formal specification of components like persons (instances of items), classes, properties, relations, constraints, rules, and axioms is required to make such a description possible (Bolt et al,2020).
Therefore, ontologies not only give a knowledge representation that can be shared and reused but may also supplement existing domain expertise (Dos Reis et al,2015).
Tools like collaborative Protégé give structured logs of modifications to the ontology, allowing for the collaborative development of large-scale ontologies in domains like biomedicine by a wide collection of remote users (Bolt et al,2020). There is an urgent practical and theoretical need for a solution to the challenge of assessing the results of collaborative ontology engineering initiatives. Understanding the quality of jointly produced ontologies—and how they have been developed—is crucial for managers and quality assurance staff. Understanding these processes can benefit tool developers in improving their products and making them more naturally suit the collaborative ontology creation process (Dos Reis et al,2015).
Introduction
Applying the ontology data model to a collection of facts yields a knowledge graph, a network of entities whose kinds and nodes and edges represent connections.
The ontology prepares the ground for the data model to collect data in a domain by specifying the organization of the understanding in that domain (Dos Reis et al,2015).
Integration ontology
For ontologies to be properly integrated, bridging modules must be developed that faithfully represent a common understanding of the semantic connections between the elements in each ontology (Dos Reis et al,2015).
Researchers need this so that data from various empirical study streams may be compared and aligned, and used as efficiently as possible.
Ontology-based integration does not alter the way academics in various fields conduct their study or impose any unwelcome theoretical or methodological frameworks on them even though the ontologies, as well as the annotations (data), are kept apart.
Integration based on ontologies occurs when data is annotated using a shared and coordinated set of ontologies (Turner and Laird,2012).
What researchers see as the future comprises
Primary data-generating researchers should continue to annotate data using current ontologies and upload such data into common repositories, along with Ontology-based integration, whereby upper- and mid-level ontologies, as well as metadata standards, are standardised via the development of common semantic bridging modules (Gómez, Sanz and Hernández,2008).
Application of cognitive ontologies
Definition: An...