There are TWO projects; ONE is for today 22/03/2019 at 23:30 and the long one is for Sunday 24/03/2019 at 9:00 pm.
It´s about an Argument essay the topic is "Animal testing should be illegal"
- The first part (For 22/03/2019) is to make an Argument Outline. You will create an outline with 5 main points and sub-points related to the argument topic you have chosen. The sub-points can be 1 or 2, doesn´t need to be longer.
It´s only one page, I submitted an example.
And then for Sunday (24/03/2019) at 9:00 pm.
- Final Argument essay:
Requirement: 1200 words in length, Times New Roman font, double spaced, MLA formatting, 5 sources.
I submitted an Annotated Bibliography where you can find the 5 sources; those sources should be part of the Argument Outline, It´s too much better if you use those sources for the whole project because the Annotated Bibliography should connect with the Argument Outline, and these two with the Final Argument essay.
Vasquez3 Annotated Bibliography Macclellan, Joel P. “Animal Testing.” 2011: 70–72. Print, holds that most animal testing is carried out for the benefit of humans while discounting the value of life and threat towards animals with the execution. A huge number of animals as much as 50 million and 100 million vertebrates where 90% comprises of rats and mice. While the advocates of animal testing stress on human developments, the prominent issue concerning the ethics of animals is the pain that comes with torture. The US has two statutes regulating the conduct of animal testing; the Animal Welfare Act and Regulations of 1966 (AWAR) and the Health Research Extension Act of 1985 whereby minimal standard has been set. Several countries such as the United Kingdom and the European Union have banned the method in 2009, while the US stands legal. Three R’s, replacement, reduction and refinement sets a mutual ground for the researchers and animal advocates as they propose to upgrade the method of animal testing. Hartung, Thomas. “Opinion Versus Evidence for the Need to Move Away from Animal testing.(Food for Thought ...).” ALTEX: Alternatives to Animal Experimentation 34.1 (2017): 193–200. Web, is an article that attempts to draw challenges and limitations besides the economic as well as ethical concern. The underlying issues include an inadequate report, reproducibility, under-powering of statistical determination, deprivation of the predictivity of inter-species, deprivation of concern for diversity in humans, and exposure to the real-life. There is a call for tremendous additional resources; hence calling upon a whole new strategy in order to guarantee a safe condition for the products and consumers. Mak, Isabella Wy et al. “Lost in translation: animal models and clinical trials in cancer treatment” American journal of translational research vol. 6, 2. 114-8. 15. 2014. The article stresses the fact that animal models do not amount to determine the accurate requirement for humans due to the vast differences although there are certain similarities. The disparity in the complex system of carcinogenesis in humans, the physiology as well as the progression is mentioned to be some concern. The information of in vitro has been essential but it has been stated that the same may result to replace its connection with clinical applications. The piece reviews the current scenario of an animal model which is translated to the clinical practice while rendering explanations for its meagre success. Jong M, De et al. “Of mice and humans: are they the same?--Implications in cancer translational research” American journal of translational research vol’ 51, 4. 501-4. 2010. The current article reviews the controversy of increasing tumours in rodents used as models for clinical testing. The argument that questions the validity and applicability of these rodents to human is being raised. There is a vast difference in physiology and size of mice compared to humans. Although the article holds the view that in vitro information is useful, the hard questioning of the issue mentioned as well as other factors such as the maintenance, experimental procedure, preclinical and clinical data are placed at a questionable level. Goodman, Justin, et al. “Trends in Animal Use at US Research Facilities.” Journal of Medical Ethics, vol. 41, no. 7, 2015, pp. 567–569. The current research highlights the use of animals in top institutes receiving the National Institutes of Health research funds. Despite the growing opposition of animal experimentation in laboratories, USA stands as one of the highest animal users. The research brought out results showing that there is an increase of 72.7% in animal use during the period spanning over 15 years. On this note, the discussion on the institutional, technical, psychological and sociological arguments pertaining to the trend. The research sources presented above covers the issue of animal testing while looking at its benefits as well as the downside of it all. The harmful effects on animals and the unreliability of tests to humans seems to over-arch the idea of its advocacy. It is clearly seen that the illegalization of the method has been applied over countries but has not been able to cover the US. It is imperative for the state to solemnly consider the ethical issues as well as the vast differences of human and animals. As suggested by research, innovative methods that would reduce the use of animals without interrupting the progress of clinical discovery is at most needed. Websites pages: 1. https://web-a-ebscohost-com.ezp.tccd.edu/ehost/ebookviewer/ebook?sid=497bd413-2060-49a5-b27d-80c56ea44eb4%40sessionmgr4008&vid=0&format=EB 2. https://tccd.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/fulldisplay?docid=gale_ofa493447876&context=PC&vid=01TARRANT_INST:TCCD2017&lang=en&search_scope=MyInst_and_CI&adaptor=Primo%20Central&tab=Everything&query=any,contains,animal%20testing&sortby=rank&offset=0 3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3902221/ 4. http://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/51/4/501.full 5. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44014148?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=animal&searchText=testing&searchText=in&searchText=US&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Ffc%3Doff%26amp%3BQuery%3Danimal%2Btesting%2Bin%2BUS%26amp%3Bwc%3Don%26amp%3Bacc%3Doff%26amp%3Bgroup%3Dnone&ab_segments=0%2Ftbsub-1%2Frelevance_config_with_defaults&refreqid=search%3A0be2e18ed141cd8c3b33d141330c6102&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents Last Name 1 First and Last Name Dr. Lewis ENGL 1301 15 December 2016 Thesis Statement: Marijuana should not be legalized in Texas I. Introduction (provide some history about your topic) a. Marijuana is a mixture of leaves and comes from the flower cannabis b. More people who smoke marijuana will cause effects on family and health c. Legalizing marijuana will increase drug use d. Globally, between 125-200 million people use marijuana II. Effects of Marijuana (body paragraph 1) a. Marijuana increases short term memory b. Marijuana increases anxiety c. Marijuana increases panic attacks d. Marijuana increases one’s appetite causing more unhealthy and obese individuals e. Marijuana is addictive III. Health Risks (body paragraph 2) a. Using marijuana worsens depression b. Marijuana users have a higher risk of cancer than cigarette smokers c. Marijuana users have a higher risk of heart failure within the first hours of smoking it. d. Marijuana contains over 40 chemicals including many of the harmful chemicals found in cigarettes. Last Name 1 IV. Youth Drug Abuse (body paragraph 3) a. The legalization of marijuana will increase the use of drugs by youth b. Legalization of marijuana sends a negative message to the youth V. Conclusion a. Restate why this issue or topic is important b. Summarize the main points you already made that support your claim or position.