The zero population growth fertility rate is slightly over two children per couple because
Answer
some children die and some couples do not have children.
we always need slightly more young people.
The zero population growth rate is not slightly over two children per couple, it is exactly 2.
the older generation is dying.
Contour plowing is a technique to address which of the following problems?
Answer
excessive use of pesticides & herbicides
reduced crop yields on steep slopes
the failure of terraced agriculture
soil erosion
If a population has 1000 individuals, a birth rate of 100 births/yr, and a death rate of 30 deaths/yr, then the population’s
Answer
doubling time is 13yr
growth rate is 70%
growth rate is 300%
doubling time is 10 yr
Since 1989, 13 of 17 major marine fisheries have declined dramatically or become commercially inviable for all these reasons except:
Answer
"by-catch"
aquaculture
habitat destruction
over-harvesting
Channel catfish consume approximately 1.5 grams of food per gram of edible body weight. Therefore, the trophic efficiency of catfish (a.k.a. “food conversion efficiency”) is
Answer
16 : 1
1 : 31
1.5 : 1
Indigenous cultures contain a huge amount of knowledge of nature that is at risk as those native cultures are assimilated or destroyed.
Answer True
False
Marx believed that
Answer
exploitation of people produces poverty which produces population growth with its attendant miseries.
aggressive birth control programs are the most important tool to reduce the misery associated with excess population growth.
technological improvements are the only way to better the human condition.
excess population growth produces food shortages which produces poverty and misery
Integrated pest management involves all of the following except
Answer
use of intense land plowing to decrease pest habitat
application of highly specific chemicals
control but not eradicate pests
use of natural enemies
The abnormal, artificial ecosystems created by western-style farming are known as
Answer
grasslands
pastures
subvariate habitats
monocultures
empauperated floras
Family planning includes both _____ the number of births and _____.
Answer
a reduction in ; planned spacing of children.
legal control of ; planned spacing of children.
a reduction in ; improved social and economic status of women
The primary characteristics of species likely to become endangered & extinct as a result of human activities include all of the following except:
Answer
long-lived individuals
slow rates of population growth
large individuals
numerous offspring with low parental care
The background (natural) extinction rate against which modern rates are compared is considered to be approximately:
Answer
100 species / yr
20,000–100,000 species / yr
1 species / 1000 yr
1 species / 4 yr
Which of these is NOT a major cause of deforestation on Earth?
Answer
Automation used in commercial timbering
Roads
Salinization
Government policies like MUSYA
Effects of acid deposition, ozone pollution, global warming
Debt for nature swaps are important for conservation because
Answer
It is an excellent way for conservation organizations to control the actions of developing nations by controlling their debt
Most developing nations are losing biodiversity and probably will never completely repay their debt and this tool solves both conservation and economic problems
Developing nations will soon pay off their debts to banks and other governments
Developing nations are hoarding their cash crops instead of selling them
In the US, the single sector that consumes the greatest portion of water supplies is
Answer
agriculture
municipalities
hydroelectric power plants
waste disposal
industry
The “Green Revolution” refers to -at the bottom
Answer
a recent political shift in Germany & other European countries toward policies that promote sustainability
the shift from hunting & gathering to agriculture
post-WW II programs to breed crops w/ increased yield
the shift from resource-based agriculture to demand-based agriculture