The topic is Covid 19 and the state which I want to choose is south Australia.there are some links in the attachments which we need to use.and there are some top down and bottom up approaches and we need to use one of them and please use bottom up approach the teacher preferred to use and w ended to justify it properly
PowerPoint Presentation Limiting the effects of disease, disability and injury Module 5 Week 9-10 Dr Hannah Wechkunanukul PhD, MHA, MPharm(Community Pharmacy), GDipPHC, BPharm, MPS Module 5 Overview WEEK 9 • Tertiary Prevention • Community based Rehabilitation • Self Management • Injury Prevention WEEK 10 • Group presentation (9.00am-11.30am) Week 9 Outline • Tertiary Prevention • Community based Rehabilitation • Self Management • Injury Prevention • Assessment 2 Group presentation • Assessment 3 Emergency response plan Week 10 Group presentation Date: Wed, 22 April 2020 Time: 9.00 am -11.30 am Group Start time Finish time 7 9.00 9.20 1 9.20 9.40 5 9.40 10.00 3 10.00 10.20 Break 10 minutes 2 10.30 10.50 6 10.50 11.10 4 11.10 11.30 Concept of Tertiary Prevention Tertiary prevention Tertiary prevention focuses on reducing or minimizing the consequences of a disease once it has developed. The goal of tertiary prevention is to eliminate, or at least delay, the onset of complications and disability due to the disease. Most medical interventions fall into this category. Example A person with diabetes keeps their blood glucose under tight control to prevent diabetic complications. See this video about the self management of Diabetes Program https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JEoCRZ_wSk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1JEoCRZ_wSk Disability According to the World Report on Disability (WHO 2011), Disability refers to the negative aspects of the interaction between individuals with a health condition ( for example; cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, depression) and personal and environmental factors (for example; negative attitudes, inaccessible transportation and public buildings, and limited social supports). According to ICF, disability is defined as an umbrella terms for impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions. What do we know about disability? Higher estimate of prevalence About 15% of world’s population live with some form of disability. Growing numbers The number of people with disability is growing and the pattern is influenced by the trend of health conditions as well as environmental and other factors. Diverse experiences Women with disabilities experience gender discriminations as well as disabling barriers. People with more severe impairments often experience greater disadvantage. Vulnerable populations Disability disproportionately affects vulnerable populations. There is higher disability prevalence in low income countries. Source – World Report on Disability, WHO, 2011. Disabling Barriers According to the World Report on Disability (WHO 2011), common disabling barriers are; • Inadequate policies and standards • Negative attitude • Lack of provision of services • Problems with service delivery • Inadequate funding • Lack of accessibility • Lack of consultation and involvement • Lack of data and evidence People Living with Disability • Poorer health outcomes – comparing with general populations • Lower educational achievements – comparing with non- disabled populations • Less economic participation – more likely to be unemployed and earn less even when they are employed • Higher rates of poverty – food insecurity, poor housing, inadequate access to health care, fewer assets • Increased dependency and restricted participation – leads to social isolation and depression Addressing Barriers and Inequalities related to Disability • Addressing barriers to health services - making all levels of existing health care system and programs more inclusive and accessible; • Addressing barriers to rehabilitation - incorporating rehabilitation into general and specific legislation on health, employment, education and social services; • Addressing barriers to support and assistance services – enabling people with disability to live in the community with better access to support and services; • Creating enabling environment – removing barriers in public accommodations, transport, information and communication. • Addressing barriers to education – creating inclusive learning environment for children with disability. • Addressing barriers to employment – endorsing antidiscrimination law in workplaces, training, mentoring and community based rehabilitation. Rehabilitation The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Article 26, calls for “appropriate measures, including through peer support, to enable persons with disabilities to attain and maintain maxi- mum independence, full physical, mental, social and vocational ability and full inclusion and participation in all aspects of life”. (Source: World Report of Disability, WHO) Rehabilitation for an older person who has diabetes and recently had both legs amputated below the knee might include strengthening exercises, provision of prostheses and/or a wheelchair and functional training to teach mobility and transfer skills and daily living skills to maintain the self esteem and quality of life of individual. Rehabilitation Process Rehabilitation involves problem solving process (WHO, Wade, 2005, Wade 2005) Assessment Identify needs/modifiable factors Goal setting Measurement, planning & implementation of interventions Evaluation of change & effectiveness NSW • Rehabilitation MOC Western Australia • Amputee Services & Rehab • Stroke • Rehab & Restorative Care • Elective Joint Replacement South Australia • Cardiac Rehabilitation Victoria • Victorian Paediatric Rehab Service Others: • Transport Accident Commission • Heads of Workers Compensation Authorities • Department of Veteran Affairs Community based Rehabilitation Program • Rehabilitation is relevant to people experiencing disability from a broad range of health conditions and therefore the Community based Rehabilitation (CBR) Program makes reference to both habilitation and rehabilitation. • Habilitation aims to assist those individuals who acquire disabilities congenitally or in early childhood and have not had the opportunity to learn how to function without them. • Rehabilitation aims to assist those who experience a loss in function as a result of disease or injury and need to relearn how to perform daily activities to regain maximal function. The Goal and Role of CBR Program Goal People with disabilities have access to rehabilitation services which contribute to their overall well-being, inclusion and participation. Role The role CBR is to promote, support and implement rehabilitation activities at the community level and facilitate referrals to access more specialized rehabilitation services. CBR Program Outcome Strategies • Person led assessments and rehabilitation plans outlining the services they will receive; • People with disabilities and their family members understand the role and purpose of rehabilitation and information about services they can access;. • Access to specialized rehabilitation services with follow-up to ensure that these services are received and meet their needs; • Basic rehabilitation services are available at the community level; • Resource materials to support rehabilitation activities undertaken in the community are available for health professional, individual and families; • CBR personnel receive appropriate training, education and support to enable them to undertake rehabilitation activities. CBR Interventions – Some Examples • Rehabilitation for a young girl born with cerebral palsy might include play activities to encourage her motor, sensory and language development, an exercise program to prevent muscle tightness and development of deformities and provision of a wheel- chair with a specialized insert to enable proper positioning for functional activities. • Rehabilitation for an adolescent girl with an intellectual impairment might include teaching her personal hygiene activities, e.g. menstrual care, developing strategies with the family to address behavioural problems and providing opportunities for social interaction enabling safe community access and participation. • Rehabilitation for a young man with depression might include 1:1 counselling to address underlying issues of depression, training in relaxation techniques to address stress and anxiety and involvement in a support group to increase social interaction and support networks. Community based Rehabilitation Services Community-based services may also be required following rehabilitation at specialized centers. A person may require continued support and assistance in using new skills and knowledge at home and in the community after he or she returns. CBR programs can provide support by visiting people at home and encouraging them to continue rehabilitation activities as necessary. Watch this video to see the example of CBR Project in Ethiopia https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9r5_rc8dV3w https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9r5_rc8dV3w Rehabilitation Plan Developing a community based rehabilitation plan for individual living with disability involves following; • Identify need • Facilitate referral and follow up • Facilitate rehabilitation activities • Develop and distribute resource materials • Provide training See CBR Guidelines developed by WHO (2010) for more details. Chronic Diseases Self Management •Managing the work of dealing with a chronic disease and/or multiple disease conditions •Staying involved in daily activities in light of debilitation and disability •Managing emotional changes resulting from or exacerbated by the disease conditions Once a chronic disease is present, one cannot NOT manage, the only question is ‘how.’ Bateson 1980, Lorig, 2003 Self Management is Critical Because people living with Chronic Diseases: •Significantly reduced productivity •Living with less income •Accomplishing less •Spending more time in bed—sick •Having poor mental health Source: Stanford University, (Lorig, K.); Center on an Aging Society, National Institute on Aging Chronic Diseases Self Management Model •Patient education program (“Living Well”) •Highly structured six-week series of workshops •Participative instruction with certified leader peer support Designed to enhance medical treatment Outcome-driven: impacts show potential for reduced or avoided costs Evidence-based: a tested model (intervention) that has demonstrated results Stanford University Model Reference: http://www.aoa.gov/evidence/evidence.asp; www.healthyagingprograms.org How does the model works? •Person with chronic condition accepts responsibility to manage or co-manage your own disease conditions •Person with chronic condition become an active participant in a system of coordinated health care, intervention and communication •Person with chronic condition is encouraged to solve your own problems with information from professionals Source: Stanford University Patient Education Center; Center for Healthy Aging (NCOA) Why is this model effective? How this model is effective? This model involves: •Peer educators •Constant modeling •Brainstorming •Active problem-solving •Action planning •Goal-setting Which are unique to meet the need of individual in tailored way. Impact of Stanford Model of Self Management •Improved self-efficacy •Improved quality of life •Improved healthy behavior •Reduced use of doctors, hospital emergency rooms •Improvements in overall health status— identified by BOTH the participant and the health provider •Reduced disability rate Source: Stanford University Patient Education Center; Society of Behavioral Medicine publication (2003) Healthy Living Chronic Diseases Self Management Stories Please the following video to hear stories how Peer leaders from the Toronto Central Self-Management Program (TC SMP) have been able to maintain their quality of life. •https://youtu.be/ywOyxpe3P5M https://youtu.be/ywOyxpe3P5M Patient Empowerment in Self Management •“Patient empowerment is simply a process to help people gain control, which include people taking the initiative, solving problems, and making decisions; and can