The temperature in a continuous CSTR is controlled by an ACS with the following characteristics: The transducer has the measuring range 100–200 ∘ C and an output standard signal 2–10 mA. The...

The temperature in a continuous CSTR is controlled by an ACS with the following characteristics:

The transducer has the measuring range 100–200
^∘C and an output standard signal 2–10 mA. The controller is PI and has a PB = 25 % and T_i
= 3 min, having both input and output signals in the range 2–10 mA The control valve has a K_v
= 4, a linear characteristic, an input signal in the range 2–10 mA and s constant pressure drop Δp_v
= 0.25 bar. Cooling water passes through the valve.

If the control signal is 6 mA at error e = 0, what flow passes through the valve? If a step change of the reactor temperature of 5
^∘C occurs, what will be the immediate effect on the output of the controller and on the water flow value? What happens if the tuning is done with PB = 100 % and T_i
= 10 min?