The table below is from a study called “The Epidemiology of Social Stress.” The researchers in this study conduct a series of statistical tests to shed light on the association between social status variables (IVs) and depression (DVs). The left-hand column shows the tests for mean depressive symptom scores (Number of symptoms reported [range:0-50], higher levels indicate higher number of reported depressive symptoms) by sex, age, marital status, and occupational prestige. The right-hand column shows the tests for prevalence of major depressive disorder (has major depression=1; does not have major depression=0), broken down by sex, age, marital status, and occupational prestige. Examine the table and answer questions
a)At alpha=.05, what can you conclude about the association between marital status and mean depressive symptom scores? Briefly summarize the findings, and provide a plausible, logical explanation (theory) for the observed association (or lack thereof).
b)At alpha =.001, is there a significant association between occupational status and major depressive disorder? Briefly summarize the nature of the association (or lack thereof). What is a plausible, logical, explanation for this finding?
Extracted text: Table 1. Mean Depressive Symptom Scores and One-Year Prevalence Rates for Major Depressive Disorder by Social Status Variables: Residents of Toronto, Ontario, Ages 18-55, 1990–1991 One-Year Prevalence Rate of Major Depressive Mean Depressive Social Status Variables Symptom Score Disorder" (Percent) N° N° Sex Male 10.21 603 7.7 604 Female 13.10 788 12,9 789 p-value“ <.001 .002="" age="" 18-25="" 15.14="" 304="" 18.4="" 304="" 26-35="" 10.92="" 470="" 9.8="" 471="" 36-45="" 11.09="" 393="" 7.2="" 393="" 46-55="" 9.15="" 224="" 4.7="" 225="" p-value“=""><.001><.001 marital="" status="" married="" 9.98="" 673="" 6.6="" 675="" previously="" married="" never="" married="" 14.22="" 171="" 11.5="" 171="" 13.70="" 547="" 15.8="" 547="" p-value“=""><.001><.001 occupational="" prestige="" major="" professional="" lesser="" professional="" minor="" professional="" 9.16="" 158="" 4.1="" 188="" 10.53="" 317="" 7.5="" 317="" i1.14="" 257="" 8.6="" 258="" clerical/sales="" 13.36="" 378="" 14.2="" 378="" skilled/manual="" 10.41="" 97="" 4.9="" 98="" semi="" skilled/unskilled="" 14.24="" 165="" 18.3="" 165="" p-valued=""><.001><.001 total 11.79 1,391 10.6 1,393 * depressive symptom score is the score on the ces-d (radloff 1977). rates of major depressive disorder are based on diagnostic algorithms derived from the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (american psychiatric association 1987, vers. 3 rev.) and applied to responses measured using the michigan revision of the composite international diagnostic interview (cidi) (who 1990). * nineteen cases are missing for the occupation categories, and two additional cases are missing for the ces-d measure, due to nonresponses to the relevant questions. total="" 11.79="" 1,391="" 10.6="" 1,393="" *="" depressive="" symptom="" score="" is="" the="" score="" on="" the="" ces-d="" (radloff="" 1977).="" rates="" of="" major="" depressive="" disorder="" are="" based="" on="" diagnostic="" algorithms="" derived="" from="" the="" diagnostic="" and="" statistical="" manual="" of="" mental="" disorders="" (american="" psychiatric="" association="" 1987,="" vers.="" 3="" rev.)="" and="" applied="" to="" responses="" measured="" using="" the="" michigan="" revision="" of="" the="" composite="" international="" diagnostic="" interview="" (cidi)="" (who="" 1990).="" *="" nineteen="" cases="" are="" missing="" for="" the="" occupation="" categories,="" and="" two="" additional="" cases="" are="" missing="" for="" the="" ces-d="" measure,="" due="" to="" nonresponses="" to="" the="" relevant="">