The second paper will require that students examine and analyze a historic figure’s or groups...

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The second paper will require that students examine and analyze a historic figure’s or groups construction and or view of Jerusalem using both primary and secondary sources. Questions the research paper may include: what place did Jerusalem hold in this person’s religious, cultural, and political beliefs? How did he or she express this view point in his or her interactions with the city? What legacy did he or she leave? How do we see people interrelating, differentiating, and changing the city’s reputation? How do they build on former traditions? Etc. (Paper’s do not need to engage all of these questions, they are suggestions for how to begin researching)-The group I'll be writing about will be on the Maccabees-It's a research paper and I have to come up with my own thesis and have a minimum of 1 primary source (which will be the 1Maccabees from the Bible) and 7 secondary sources.

Steve Murillo, UID: 804-976-238 Annotated Bibliography Murillo Research question: How did the Maccabeans view Jerusalem when they were oppressed by Greek rule? I will also answer how these sources relate to my paper by asking sub-questions that are derived from the main research question. These questions are answered in the text. Primary source: Hebrew Bible - 1 and 2 Maccabees - Greak rule and the abolition of many Jewish traditions caused the Maccabean revolt. Traditional jews fought and reconsecrated Jerusalem and its temple. Through this, Hanukkah was created - How did Maccabeans build on former traditions? What legacy did they leave? - This primary source is from the Hebrew Bible. Secondary sources: Berthelot, Katell. “Reclaiming the Land (1 Maccabees 15:28–36): Hasmonean Discourse between Biblical Tradition and Seleucid Rhetoric.” Journal of Biblical Literature, vol. 133, no. 3, 2014, pp. 539–559. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.15699/jbibllite.133.3.539. Accessed 16 July 2020. - In 1Macc 15:28-36, Simon argues that he is not conquering the territories of foreigners, but instead is taking back “the heritage of our fathers.” The author argues that Simon is referring to Judea alone and that Simon’s discourse cannot be solely interpreted through the lens of the Bible but needs to be compared “with the ways of arguing about one's legitimate right to possess a territory in the Hellenistic world at large.” - What gives the Maccabeans the “right” to reclaim Jerusalem/Judah? - Published by: The Society of Biblical Literature Honigman, Sylvie. Tales of High Priests and Taxes: The Books of the Maccabees and the Judean Rebellion against Antiochos IV. 1st ed., University of California Press, 2014. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt7zw143. Accessed 16 July 2020. 2 Murillo - The chapter acknowledges that the authors’ perception of the causes for rebellion in 1 and 2 Maccabees are based on their traditional Judean viewpoint of the temple. The chapter then analyzes and establishes who the authors actually thought were the causes for the rebellion. - What were the causes for the Maccabean revolt? - Published by: University of California Press Duggan, Michael W. “1 Maccabees: Emotions of Life and Death in Narrative and Lament.” Ancient Jewish Prayers and Emotions: Emotions Associated with Jewish Prayer in and around the Second Temple Period, edited by Stefan C. Reif and Renate Egger-Wenzel, 1st ed., De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, 2015, pp. 95–116. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctvbkjtvk.9. Accessed 16 July 2020. - The article investigates the emotional dynamics of 1Maccabees by attending to the genres of narrative and lament. It concentrates on the feelings that distinguish the Jewish protagonists from the Jewish and Gentile adversaries. - How did the Maccabeans view themselves? Why did they feel the need to revolt and regain Jerusalem? - Published in a collection of works by: De Gruyter (a scholarly publishing company specializing in academic literature for more than 270 years.) Tweed, Thomas A. “Space.” Material Religion, vol. 7, no. 1, 2011, pp. 116–123., doi:10.2752/175183411x12968355482295. - Tweed argues that the meaning of a space to a person or group of people changes over time. I will argue that the rebels view spaces as an area of rebellion and freedom which then reminds them of stories from their ancestors that also rebelled with the help of God (e.g. Moses and the Red Sea). - How do the Maccabeans inspire their followers to revolt and regain Jerusalem? - Scholar of religion and former President of the American Academy of Religion 3

annotated-bibliographysteve-murillo-se2numdp-b1p12i4i.pdf

Tanmoy · Accepted Answer

Maccabees
Jerusalem is the capital of present Israel. It is a Middle East country. It is situated between the Mediterranean Sea and the plateau of Judean mountains and the Dead Sea. It is one of the oldest city and the holiest places in the world. There are three universal religions pursued in Jerusalem which are Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Although it is the capital of Israel, Palestine has also declared Jerusalem to be the capital of their country. There have been many wars, revolts and conflicts which took place and resulted in the formation of the modern Jerusalem. The history of Jerusalem beings as early as the Bronze Age with its first human settlement established themselves around 3500 BC. In the 1000 BC, King David conquered the state and formed the Jewish empire. Later his son Solomon constructed a holy temple after 40 years in Jerusalem. In 586 BC the state was captured by the Babylonians and destroyed the temples and sent the Jews to deportation. Finally, after 50 years from the capture of Jerusalem by the Babylonians, the Persians conquered the state and impeached the Jewish traditions and constructed temples again. It was in 332 BC when Alexander the Great took over Jerusalem. He won many battles and conquered many empires. Alexander was the disciple of Aristotle and had vision of transforming the Middle East countries with the spread of Greek culture. This Greek culture was better known as Hellenism. But, Alexander died in his early thirties in 323 BC. After his death, the empire of Jerusalem and other kingdoms were divided between his two disciples Seleucus and Ptolemy. More than hundred years Jerusalem was under the control of Ptolemy and was tolerant with the traditional religion of Israel which was known as Jewish culture. But, it was the Greek culture also known as ‘Hellen’ was adopted in almost all the kingdoms conquered by Alexander. The upper class of Jews known as the Judah in order to conduct smooth functioning of their business embraced the Hellenism culture of the Greeks. But, most of the Jewish restrained themselves from the Hellenistic culture as they believed it to be disloyal for the Israelite religion. The Ptolemies were defeated by the Seleucid and took over the Palestine territory. Initially, the Seleucids were tolerant of the Israel’s religion but insisted on Hellenism of the Jewish. And this became more autocratic as King Antiochus IV becoming the new empire of the Seleucids and ruled the territories of Alexander. With King Antiochus IV, it was the beginning of the end of the Jewish tradition and the rise of Hellenism in Jerusalem. He punished the people who resisted the Hellen culture. He constructed a gymnasium near the pagan games which was near the Jewish temple. He issued ruthless polices which prohibited circumcision, sacrifice, honour observances during the Jewish deaths and Sabbath which was a weekly religious observance and abstinence from work of the Jewish community from Friday evening to Saturday evening. He ordered the destruction of the Old Testament and burned them out publicly. He destroyed the temples and ransacked the emeralds and diamonds in it and introduced a statue of pagan god Zeus on the temple top. But, still some Jewish continued to belief in their faith and their own traditional religion. 
It was an aged priest named Mattathias of the Modein situated near Jerusalem. He defied the order issued by the Greek King Antiochus IV to Hellenize the Jews community. Mattathias was the king of Modein. He protested against the fascist policy of King Antiochus IV by killing a Jew when he tried to sacrifice on the raised pagan or structure for worship.

The second paper will require that students examine and analyze a historic figure’s or groups construction and or view of Jerusalem using both primary and secondary sources. Questions the research...

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