The resistive circuit shown below offers an opportunity to exploit the use of causality and helping (or auxiliary) variables. (a) Make a bond graph model of the circuit, and assign causality. (b) Find...

The resistive circuit shown below offers an opportunity to exploit the use of causality and helping (or auxiliary) variables.

(a) Make a bond graph model of the circuit, and assign causality.

(b) Find e_out
in terms of e_in.

(c) Find i₄
in terms of e_in.

(d) If a load resistance R_L
is put on at the e_out
port, modify the graph and your solution to part (b) above.