The production of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient powers the production of ATP in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an organic compound that 'undoes' the hydrogen ion concentration gradient without the production of ATP. It does this by increasing the membrane permeability to hydrogen ions. One use of DNP is as a herbicide.
For a brief period in the 1930s, DNP was marketed as a diet pill. Because DNP prevents the production of ATP, the human body will begin to use alternate forms of energy. The result is an increase in the metabolism of fats in the body, thus reducing total body fat. In the presence of DNP, the energy that normally would be converted to ATP for use in the cells is converted to heat instead, causing dangerously high body temperatures.
DNP is classified as an illegal substance in Canada and the U.S. although it is still marketed as a commercial chemical. In recent years, several deaths have been reported, primarily in the bodybuilding community, caused by DNP.
1.Explain why DNP is effective at preventing the production of ATP in cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Specify the relevant reactions in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. (3 marks)
2.Given the number of deaths caused by DNP, should it still be allowed to be sold as a commercial chemical? Support your answer by including the risks and benefits of DNP. (2 marks)