The predominant acid in frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) is citric acid, and the amount is usually given as a percentage. Degrees Brix is a measure of the total soluble solids in FCOJ and is...

The predominant acid in frozen concentrated orange juice (FCOJ) is citric acid, and the amount is usually given as a percentage. Degrees Brix is a measure of the total soluble solids in FCOJ and is also a percentage. The Brix/acid ratio is computed by simple division, and 12 is considered an ideal ratio. A random sample of FCOJ was obtained from different sellers, and the Brix/acid ratio was measured for each. These measurements were used to construct the following normal probability plot:

Does this plot suggest the data are from a non-normal distribution? Justify your answer.

There are approximately 1500 black bears in Great Smoky Mountains National Park. Park visitors are warned that these animals are dangerous and unpredictable, and that it is illegal to disturb or displace a black bear. To track and protect these animals, suppose a random sample of male black bears was obtained and the weight of each (in pounds) was recorded.21 Use the four methods presented in this section to determine whether there is any evidence to suggest the data are from a non-normal population.

Pig iron is a mixture of iron ore, charcoal from coal, and limestone, melted together under very high pressure. This type of iron is usually refined and used to produce wrought iron, cast iron, or steel. A random sample of the production and shipment of pig iron (in 100 metric tonnes) per month in Canada was recorded.22 Use the four methods presented in this section to determine whether there is any evidence to suggest the data are from a non-normal population.