Answer To: OENG1115, Assessment item 2: Innovation and technology management report (individual assessment)...
Amar answered on Oct 04 2021
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Running Header: Assessment 2 – Low Sulphur Diesel - Spirit of Tasmania
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Assessment 2 – Low Sulphur Diesel - Spirit of Tasmania
Assessment 2 – Low Sulphur Diesel - Spirit of Tasmania
Table of Contents
Introduction 3
Technology & Innovation Overview 4
Business Case & Risk Assessment 7
Strategy & Process: Implementation, Stakeholders & Organisational Culture 10
Conclusion 11
References 12
Introduction
The Regulation 14.1.3 concerning Annex VI of MARPOL essentially stipulates in that the content of sulphur with respect to any of the fuel oil that is used within board ships should never exceed 0.50 per cent m / m start from 1st of January 2020 excepting the ships which use compliance mechanisms which are of equivalent extent (ICS, 2018; Mestl et al., 2013; Lindstad & Eskeland, 2016). These equivalent mechanisms for compliance as permitted as per Annex VI / Regulation 4 includes the exhaust gas cleaning system (“ECGS”) or LNG which is essentially beyond scope of the guidance from International Chamber for Shipping (“ICS”). ECGS shall permit higher content of sulphur fuels, that is, over 0.50 per cent m / m in being burnt, and these excess levels of sulphur shall be scrubbed out with respect to uptake exhaust gases (ICS, 2018; Mestl et al., 2013; Lindstad & Eskeland, 2016). For purposes of assisting with the global level implementation concerning this global level sulphur cap as well as the overall maintenance concerning a field to be of level playing, International Maritime Organization (“IMO”) of United Nations has in addition approved the prohibition with respect to the carriage concerning fuel oil that is non-compliant. In consistence with the Regulation 4 concerning Annex VI of MARPOL, overall prohibition concerning the carriage pertaining to the fuel oil that is non-compliant shall not be applicable for the ships that are fitted by equivalent forms of compliance (ICS, 2018; Lindstad et al., 2017; Cullinane & Bergqvist, 2014; Olaniyi, 2017).
In this context, the project identified concerns the Spirit of Tasmania ship. The same entails Spirit I and Spirit II (Spirit of Tasmania, 2019). These new regulations are applicable to Spirit of Tasmania and this proposed project aims in developing suitable solution for making the ship become compliant with respect to Annex VI of MARPOL which essentially stipulates in that the content of sulphur with respect to any of the fuel oil that is used within board ships should never exceed 0.50 per cent m / m start from 1st of January 2020. This Spirit of Tasmania was originally named as the Superfast IV for Spirit I, and Superfast III for Spirit II (Spirit of Tasmania, 2019). The engine of Spirit of Tasmania can be characterized as follows – [1] two rudders that are electric powered hydraulic power and semi-balanced, [2] the speed of engine is 510 revolutions for each minute, and [3] the engines is under the 100 per cent load with respect to each of the crossing over the double crossings (Spirit of Tasmania, 2019). In the sea, this ship generates power by way of two different shaft generators that are attached with the main engines that operates with 1,200 revolutions for each minute, and at the port, this ship generates power by way of three different diesel generators. The ship uses to an approximate extent 1,500 kilowatts by way of electrical generation for running the various electrical equipment (Spirit of Tasmania, 2019). This ship uses residual form of diesel fuel, to an approximate extent of 7,000 litres each hour. The overall fuel capacity is equivalent to ~1,222,000 litres (Spirit of Tasmania, 2019).
Technology & Innovation Overview
The technology proposed for Spirit of Tasmania for complying with the lower sulphur content is the scrubber technology. Scrubbers can either be wet or else dry (Panasiuk et al., 2014; Tran, 2017; Makkonen & Inkinen, 2018; Ahlgren et al., 2018). A wet scrubber passes exhaust gases through the liquid media for the purposes of removing the compounds of sulphur from that of gas in the manner of reacting chemically with the parts relating to wash liquid. Widely common form of liquids refers to the untreated forms of sea water, or else fresh water that are chemically treated (Panasiuk et al., 2014; Tran, 2017; Makkonen & Inkinen, 2018; Ahlgren et al., 2018). The sea water-based scrubbers shall often be open loop form, wherein the water shall be sourced as well as discharged from beyond the overall system as well as that water shall flow solely once over the unit. With respect to the closed loop form of scrubber, treatment water shall be cleaned as well as recycled back towards the scrubber over the continuous form of closed loop (Panasiuk et al., 2014; Tran, 2017; Makkonen & Inkinen, 2018; Ahlgren et al., 2018). With respect to the closed loop form of system the particulate matter as well as water treated for maintaining the pH levels as well as later on make the same to be suitable with respect to reuse concerning the scrubber. In essence, usage of the scrubbers have significant levels of potential with respect to substantial levels of environmental as well as social benefits in the manner could reduce the emissions of sulphur by way of at the least 95 per cent as well as particulate matter at the least 60 per cent (Panasiuk et al., 2014; Tran, 2017; Makkonen & Inkinen, 2018; Ahlgren et al., 2018). Further, scrubbers can in addition reduce overall emissions concerning NOx, even though there are none of the consensus in terms of how much. Even though significant levels of drop with respect to the non-GHG affiliated emissions, there are widespread usage concerning ship scrubbers could benefit the populations like for example by way of avoiding certain diseases as well as the overall environment like for example by way of avoiding the acid rain (Panasiuk et al., 2014; Tran, 2017; Makkonen & Inkinen, 2018; Ahlgren et al., 2018). In other end, scrubbers could in addition aid in reducing the greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions for certain extent. There are, however, certain...