The mother of a school-aged child tells the nurse that, “For most of the past year, my husband was unemployed and I worked a second job. Twice during the year I spanked my son repeatedly when he...

The mother of a school-aged child tells the nurse that, “For most of the past year, my husband was unemployed and I worked a second job. Twice during the year I spanked my son repeatedly when he refused to obey. It has not happened again. Our family is back to normal.” After assessing the family, the nurse decides that the child is still at risk for abuse. Which of the following observations best supports this conclusion?

1. The parents say they are taking away privileges when their son refuses to obey.

2. The child has talked about family activities with the nurse.

3. The parent's are less negative toward the nurse.

4. The child wears long-sleeved shirts and long pants, even in warm weather.