The methods from module 23 require that the two samples being tested are independent. Which of the following involve independent samples? a. To test the effectiveness of the Atkins diet, 36 randomly...

The methods from module 23 require that the two samples being tested are independent. Which of the following involve independent samples?

a. To test the effectiveness of the Atkins diet, 36 randomly selected subjects are weighed before the diet, and then 6 months after the diet ends. The two samples consist of before/after weights.

b. To determine whether smoking affects memory, 50 randomly selected smokers are given a test of word recall and 50 randomly selected non-smokers are given the same test. Sample data consists of the scores from the two groups.

c. IQ scores are obtained from a random sample of 75 wives, IQ scores are also obtained from their husbands.

d. IQ scores are obtained from a random sample of 75 young women, IQ scores are also obtained from their sisters.

e. Annual incomes are obtained from a random sample of 1200 residents of Alaska and from another random sample of 1200 residents of Hawaii.

f. Scores from a standard test of mathematical reasoning are obtained from a random sample of statistics students and another random sample of sociology students.