The frequency of vibrations of a vibrating violin string is given by where L is the length of the string,
T is its tension, and is its linear density. [See Chapter 11 in Donald E. Hall, Musical
Acoustics, 3d ed. (Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole, 2002).]
(a) Find the rate of change of the frequency with respect to
(i) The length (when T and are constant),
(ii) The tension (when L and are constant), and
(iii) The linear density (when L and T are constant).
(b) The pitch of a note (how high or low the note sounds) is determined by the frequency. (The higher the frequency, the higher the pitch) Use the signs of the derivatives in part (a) to determine what happens to the pitch of a note
(i) When the effective length of a string is decreased by placing a finger on the string so a shorter portion of the string vibrates,
(ii) When the tension is increased by turning a tuning peg,
(iii) When the linear density is increased by switching to another string.
