The DSM provides definitions of mental disorders which are used in diagnosis. Outline the evolution of the concept of 'mental disorder' over the past century and explain the relationship, if any, with the concept of 'wellness'
Criteria No Pass Pass 50-59% Credit 60-69% Distinction 70-79% High Distinction 80-100% Explanation of question and definition of key terms (10%) Did not meet criterion. A few key terms not defined, incorrectly defined or unclear. Question is stated but may be unclear. Key terms/issues/problems defined, but lack clarity or completeness. Question is clearly stated. Key terms/concepts defined, but some room to improve clarity, precision, concision, etc. Question is clearly stated and explained. Question and all relevant terms are clearly and concisely defined and integrated into the work. Content (20%) Did not meet criterion. Sources used are of low quality and/or relevance. Too few sources cited. Overreliance on summaries or textbooks. Narrow selection of concepts. Sources used are generally appropriate and mostly of good quality. Some parts of the assignment may be over- or under-referenced. One or two important concepts may have been overlooked. Good selection of relevant sources. 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Full adherence to APA guidelines on clarity, bias reduction, etc. Criteria No Pass Pass 50-59% Credit 60-69% Distinction 70-79% High Distinction 80-100% Explanation of question and definition of key terms (10%) Did not meet criterion. A few key terms not defined, incorrectly defined or unclear. Question is stated but may be unclear. Key terms/issues/problems defined, but lack clarity or completeness. Question is clearly stated. Key terms/concepts defined, but some room to improve clarity, precision, concision, etc. Question is clearly stated and explained. Question and all relevant terms are clearly and concisely defined and integrated into the work. Content (20%) Did not meet criterion. Sources used are of low quality and/or relevance. Too few sources cited. Overreliance on summaries or textbooks. Narrow selection of concepts. Sources used are generally appropriate and mostly of good quality. Some parts of the assignment may be over- or under-referenced. One or two important concepts may have been overlooked. Good selection of relevant sources. There may be more appropriate selections for some areas. Excellent selection of relevant and appropriate sources to illustrate or support points. Argument (30%) Did not meet criterion. Lacks clear/logical structure. Minimal use of literature to build argument. Only marginal or minimal reference to historical and philosophical concepts. Contains excessive opinion or unsubstantiated claims. Generally clear argument. Some aspects of structure, logic, use of literature could be improved. Some points should have been covered in more detail; irrelevant information may have been included. Reference to historical/philosophical concepts is made. Sound argument with a logical structure. Appropriate reference to literature is used to support argument. Only minimal irrelevant or tangential information. Historical and philosophical concepts are used appropriately. Develops clear argument focused tightly on the topic. Good use has been made of appropriate literature to support points. Clear and sound logic has been used to build an argument. Well-integrated and appropriate use of philosophical and historical concepts. Critical thinking/evaluation (20%) Did not meet criterion. Some evaluation of source material/theory/data. Good evaluation of source material/theory/data using consistent logic. Good evaluation of source material/theory/data using a consistent logical approach and framework relevant. Outstanding evaluation of source material/theory/data. Appropriate framework has been selected and thinking shows sensitivity to complexities of the issues. APA citations (5%) Did not meet criterion. Citations crucial for argument omitted; excessive quotations; 5-6 format errors. Slightly too many/too few citations; 3-4 citation format errors. Generally appropriate use of citations to support argument; 1-2 citation format errors. Appropriate use of citations to support argument. Perfect or near perfect adherence to APA format. APA referencing (5%) Did not meet criterion. Reference list omits 1-2 references or references papers that were not cited; 4-5 formatting errors. Reference list is complete; 3-4 formatting errors. Reference list is complete; 1-2 formatting errors. Perfect or near perfect adherence to APA formatting. APA writing style (10%) Did not meet criterion. Writing somewhat unclear; several grammatical, expressive or typographical errors. May be somewhat too long or short. Some problems with grammar or expression. Some typographical errors. May be a little too long or short. Generally clear writing. Minor expression or typographical problems in isolated places. Appropriate length. Good, but not total adherence to APA guidelines on clarity, bias reduction, etc. Excellent expression, grammar, structure, flow and integration. Appropriate length. Full adherence to APA guidelines on clarity, bias reduction, etc. MENTAL DISORDER EVOLUTION AND THE CONCEPT OF WELLNESS1 MENTAL DISORDER EVOLUTION AND THE CONCEPT OF WELLNESS7 Mental Disorder Evolution and the Concept of Wellness Swinburne University Psychiatric or mental disorders have been prevalent physiological glitches affecting most people in the contemporary nations. Problems range from prognosis, treatment procedures and the concept of wellness. Over the decade, people have been relating the evolution of the disorder with present has seen situations evaluating their commonality in its effects. Analyzing mental disorder evolution, inequity in programming is detected with the provision of the differences existing between its effects in the past and present. Concisely, comparing mental disorders in the past and the present, it is vibrant to conclude that there is a kind of evolution with positive implications for the causes and treatment (Stanovich, 2004). The beliefs that existed in the past on the causes of the disorder are different from those perceived by the contemporary peoples. Demonic perspective is out people thoughts despite being a point of stand in the past. To deeply understand mental disorder concept and the preferred psychiatric definitions, DSM is preferred for reliance. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of mental disorder is a detailed handbook used by healthcare providers in the world and mostly in the United States of America as an authoritative guide in diagnosing a mental disorder. DSM gives in-depth descriptions, symptoms, and criteria available in diagnosing mental disorders (Stanovich, 2004). Deep analysis of mental disorder will provide its evolution concept basing arguments on its diagnosis. Ultimately, mental disorder relationship with the concept of illness is also a point of concern. DSM has undergone a series of changes since its inauguration. DSM has evolved from DSM 1 to the recent DSM 5. Series of DSM revision has led to deliberations among people wherein some are against the ideologies on the definition of psychiatric disorders and the available symptoms of diagnosis. DSM was mainly inaugurated to provide a standardized means for making and coding psychiatric diagnosis. DSM symptom-based criteria rely on information from analysis of expert committees who have conducted laboratory tests and to proof the justification of the existing symptoms to diagnose patients with mental disorders (Frances, 2013). Generally, DSM defines mental disorder as a psychological aspect entailing characterization of disturbance in personal emotion, cognition, or either defined as a behavior reflecting a dysfunction on psychological, biological and developmental processes involving the functioning of the mind. Mental disorders in most cases are allied to distress in social activities and other activities. However, despite involving stress in defining the mental disorder, the same is limited to stress from a deceased relative. Political, social, sexual conflicts are not related to mental disorders not unless the deviance results in a dysfunction. Evolution of Mental disorder Concept Mental behavioral syndromes can be classified as a mental disorder and believed to have originated from adaption and generally may occur due to normal body functioning rather than biological malfunction. In the DSM system (iii, iv and v) mental disorder is associated with distress and impairment. Distress and impairment is not an indication of biological malfunction but an indication of the normal functioning of the body. Precisely, normal functioning of the body can have an unpleasant feeling towards a person’s mental functioning hence resulting in mental disorder. Distress can be caused by normal things like eating a rotten food, physical pain like the one caused by a broken limb. These factors can result in mental disorder. Evolution perspective brings a clarity in the distinction between and disordered with an improvement in Psychiatric nosology. Natural selection adapted by Charles Darwin is the only mechanism that has an essence to generate nonrandomization in biological organization. Considering mental disorder evolution, it is vibrant that natural selection accounts for mental complexity at all levels. Therefore a behavioral syndrome is an adaptation for several meant complexities and can be related to natural selection. Understanding whether a harmful functioning is caused by the natural functioning of an adaptation result a certain form of illness and therefore different treatment modalities are taken into consideration. Currently, differentiating between functional and dysfunctional routes to distress and impairment remains an issue of concern. From the general