The data presented below are from a case-control study of esophageal cancer. (The study and data are described in more detail in Sect. 5.3.) The rows (labeled according to Case status) represent 200...

The data presented below are from a case-control study of esophageal cancer. (The study and data are described in more detail in Sect. 5.3.)

The rows (labeled according to Case status) represent 200 cancer cases and 775 cancer-free controls selected from the same population as the cases. The columns represent a binary indicator of reported consumption of more than ten grams of tobacco per day.

Compute the odds ratio comparing the risk of cancer in individuals who report consuming more than ten grams of tobacco per day with the corresponding risk in the group reporting less or no consumption. Next, compute the odds ratio comparing the proportion of individuals reporting higher levels of consumption among cases with that among the controls. Comment.